Bash拆分字符串

时间:2013-01-31 15:19:56

标签: string bash awk split cut

我在数组中有以下数据:

MY_ARR[0]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name1,name2'" 
MY_ARR[1]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name3,name4,name5'"
MY_ARR[2]=".name.exe 'word1 word2'"
MY_ARR[3]="name.exe"
MY_ARR[4]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name1'"
MY_ARR[5]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name.exe, name4.exe, name5.exe'"

我想将其分为两个变量:$file$parameter

示例:

file="./path/path2/name.exe"
parameter="'word1 word2' 'name1,name2'"

我可以用awk做到这一点:

parameter=$(echo "${MY_ARR[1]}" | awk -F\' '{print $2 $4}')
file=$(echo "${MY_ARR[1]}" | awk -F\' '{print $1}')

这需要删除尾随空格并且看起来很复杂。

有更好的方法吗?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:15)

看起来字段之间的分隔符是一个空格。因此,您可以使用cut拆分它们:

file=$(echo "${MY_ARR[1]}" | cut -d' ' -f1)
parameter=$(echo "${MY_ARR[1]}" | cut -d' ' -f2-)
  • -f1表示第一个参数。
  • -f2-表示第二个参数中的所有内容。

答案 1 :(得分:5)

您可以使用read

$ read file parameter <<< ${MY_ARR[1]}
$ echo "$file"
./path/path2/name.exe
$ echo "$parameter"
'word1 word2' 'name3,name4,name5'

答案 2 :(得分:2)

鉴于此数组:

    MY_ARR[0]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name1,name2'"
    MY_ARR[1]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name3,name4,name5'"
    MY_ARR[2]=".name.exe             'word1 word2'"
    MY_ARR[3]="name.exe"
    MY_ARR[4]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name1'"
    MY_ARR[5]="./path/path2/name.exe 'word1 word2' 'name.exe, name4.exe, name5.exe'"

让我们制作2个新阵列MY_FILES和MY_PARAMETERS

    for  MY_ARR_INDEX in  ${!MY_ARR[*]}  ;  do

         ######
         # Set the current file in new array.

              MY_FILES[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]=${MY_ARR[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]// *}

         ######
         # Set the current parameters in new array

         MY_PARAMETERS[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]=${MY_ARR[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]#* }

         ######
         # Show the user whats happening
         # (from here until done is just printing info.)

         printf "MY_FILES[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]=\"%s\"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]=\"%s\"\n" \
         \
          "${MY_ARR[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]// *}"  "${MY_ARR[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]#* }"

    done


    MY_FILES[ 0 ]="./path/path2/name.exe"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ 0 ]="'word1 word2' 'name1,name2'"
    MY_FILES[ 1 ]="./path/path2/name.exe"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ 1 ]="'word1 word2' 'name3,name4,name5'"
    MY_FILES[ 2 ]=".name.exe"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ 2 ]="            'word1 word2'"
    MY_FILES[ 3 ]="name.exe"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ 3 ]="name.exe"
    MY_FILES[ 4 ]="./path/path2/name.exe"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ 4 ]="'word1 word2' 'name1'"
    MY_FILES[ 5 ]="./path/path2/name.exe"  ;  MY_PARAMETERS[ 5 ]="'word1 word2' 'name.exe, name4.exe, name5.exe'"

如何访问每个文件:

    for  MY_ARR_INDEX in  ${!MY_FILES[*]}  ;  do

         CUR_FILE=${MY_FILES[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ] }

         echo "# Do something with this file: ${CUR_FILE}"

    done

输出:

    Do something with this file: ./path/path2/name.exe
    Do something with this file: ./path/path2/name.exe
    Do something with this file: .name.exe
    Do something with this file: name.exe
    Do something with this file: ./path/path2/name.exe
    Do something with this file: ./path/path2/name.exe

如何访问每个参数:

    for  MY_ARR_INDEX in  ${!MY_PARAMETERS[*]}  ;  do

         CUR_FILE=${MY_FILES[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]}

         echo "# Do something with this parameter: ${CUR_FILE}"

    done

输出:

    Do something with this parameter: ./path/path2/name.exe
    Do something with this parameter: ./path/path2/name.exe
    Do something with this parameter: .name.exe
    Do something with this parameter: name.exe
    Do something with this parameter: ./path/path2/name.exe
    Do something with this parameter: ./path/path2/name.exe

由于$ {!MY_FILES [[*]}导致数组MY_FILES的索引NUMBERS,您还可以使用相同的索引号来访问其他数组。这样,您可以在同一个循环中访问多列数据。像这样:

    ################
    #
    # Print each file and matching parameter(s)
    #
    ################

    # Set a printf format string so we can print all things nicely.

    MY_PRINTF_FORMAT="#  %25s  %s\n"

    ################
    #
    # Print the column headings and use index numbers
    #
    #        to print adjacent array elements.
    #
    ################
    (

            printf   "${MY_PRINTF_FORMAT}"  "FILE" "PARAMETERS"    "----" "----------"

        for  MY_ARR_INDEX in  ${!MY_FILES[*]}  ;  do

             printf  "${MY_PRINTF_FORMAT}"  "${MY_FILES[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]}"  "${MY_PARAMETERS[ ${MY_ARR_INDEX} ]}"

        done
    )

输出:

                           FILE  PARAMETERS
                           ----  ----------
          ./path/path2/name.exe  'word1 word2' 'name1,name2'
          ./path/path2/name.exe  'word1 word2' 'name3,name4,name5'
                      .name.exe              'word1 word2'
                       name.exe  name.exe
          ./path/path2/name.exe  'word1 word2' 'name1'
          ./path/path2/name.exe  'word1 word2' 'name.exe, name4.exe, name5.exe'

答案 3 :(得分:1)

除非我遗漏了某些内容,否则最简单,最便携的方式就是使用扩展的两种变体。

file="${MY_ARR[0]%%' '*}"
parameter="${MY_ARR[0]#*' '}"

<强>解释

  • "${MY_ARR[0]%%' '*}" - 这将删除第一个空格及其后的所有内容,并返回剩余部分
  • "${MY_ARR[0]#*' '}" - 这将删除第一个空格中的所有内容,并返回剩余部分

有关更详细的说明,请参阅bash手册页的Parameter Expansion部分