用Python中的bruteforce解决Euler#14

时间:2012-04-16 16:13:38

标签: python brute-force

我试图用python强制euler problem 14但没有太大的成功。

我使用了itertools模块,但速度太慢了。然后我找到了解决问题的公式。

有没有办法用暴力来解决问题?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

您可以将中间值存储在字典中并进行一种动态编程。

numbers = {1:0}
max = -1
startMax = -1
for i in range(2, 1000 000):
    n = i
    steps = 0
    while n>=i:
        if n&2 == 0:
            n = n/2
        else:
            n = 3*n + 1
        steps = steps + 1
    # n < i, hence it must already be stored in the dictionary
    steps = steps + numbers[n]
    if steps > max:
        max = steps
        startMax = i
    numbers[i] = steps
    return startMax

另一种方法可能是存储您遇到的每个号码,并始终检查您当前所在的号码是否在地图中。但我想这可能需要更长的时间来查看这么多字典:

numbers = {1:0}
max = -1
for i in range(2, 1000 000):
    if i in numbers:
        steps = numbers[i]
    else:
        n = i
        steps = 0
        found = False

        while not found:
            if n&2 == 0:
                n = n/2
            else:
                n = 3*n + 1
            if n in numbers:
                steps = numbers[n]
                found = True
            else:
                newNumbers.append(n)
        # Store all the new numbers into the dictionary
        for num in newNumbers:
            steps = steps + 1
            numbers[num] = steps
    if steps>max:
        max = steps
        startMax = i
return startMax

你可能想做一些测试,找出哪一个更好,但我的赌注将在第一个。

答案 1 :(得分:-1)

pypy是“打开优化的python”。

在此处获取:    http://pypy.org/download.html#default-with-a-jit-compiler

要使用它,只需在您通常写pypy的地方写python即可。它非常兼容。主要区别在于为python编写的基于C的扩展在pypy中不起作用,尽管很多人都在努力解决这个问题。


我觉得有必要为我的答案辩护。鉴于这个非常简单的蛮力解决方案:

"Solve Project-Eueler #14"
from collections import namedtuple
Chain = namedtuple('Chain', 'length, start')


def calculate_chain(i):
    start = i
    length = 1
    while i != 1:
        length += 1
        if i & 1: # `i` is odd
            i = 3 * i + 1
        else:
            # Divide by two, efficiently.
            i = i >> 1
    return Chain(length, start)

def find_largest_chain(maxint):
    largest_chain = Chain(0, 0)
    for i in xrange(1, maxint+1):
        chain = calculate_chain(i)
        if chain > largest_chain:
            largest_chain = chain
    return largest_chain


def commandline_interface():
    from sys import argv
    maxint = int(argv[1])
    print find_largest_chain(maxint)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    commandline_interface()

python中的运行时间为23秒:

$ /usr/bin/time python 10177836.py 999999
Chain(length=525, start=837799)
22.94user 0.04system 0:23.09elapsed 99%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 15648maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+1109minor)pagefaults 0swaps

并且在pypy中它是0.93秒:

$ /usr/bin/time ~/packages/pypy-1.8/bin/pypy 10177836.py 999999
Chain(length=525, start=837799)
0.66user 0.10system 0:00.93elapsed 81%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 63152maxresident)k
48inputs+0outputs (1major+4194minor)pagefaults 0swaps

使用特定算法,简单地使用pypy可以提高2373%的速度。我认为没有理由认为OP不会在他自己的代码中看到类似的改进。