遍历任意维度的数组

时间:2012-03-28 19:17:52

标签: c# arrays performance algorithm

使用c#,如何遍历未知维度的多维数组?

例如,考虑将数组的每个元素设置为指定值,需要迭代数组的所有条目。该方法应处理以下所有情况,并使用值4填充所有条目,无论传递的数组的大小如何。

ClearArray(new int[3], 4);
ClearArray(new int[3,3], 4);
ClearArray(new int[3, 3, 3, 3], 4);

方法签名显然看起来像

static void ClearArray(Array a, int val) { ... }

我知道如何遍历一个维度:

for (int i=0; i<a.GetLength(dimension); i++) 
{
    ...
}

注意:这个问题与2D阵列,3D阵列和4D阵列无关。它应该处理Rank对象上的Array属性所说的任何维度。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

使用Lexicographical order
索引是“数字”的序列。在每次迭代时,最后一个“数字”在其界限内递增,然后下一个“数字”递增,等等

Func<Array, int[]> firstIndex = 
  array => Enumerable.Range(0, array.Rank)
         .Select(_i => array.GetLowerBound(_i))
         .ToArray();

Func<Array, int[], int[]> nextIndex = (array, index) => 
  {
    for (int i = index.Length-1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
       index[i]++;
       if (index[i] <= array.GetUpperBound(i))
         return index;
       index[i] = array.GetLowerBound(i);
    }
    return null;
  };

for (var index = firstIndex(array); index != null; index = nextIndex(array, index))
{
   var v = array.GetValue(index);
   ...
   array.SetValue(newValue, index);
}

答案 1 :(得分:6)

您可以从一堆零件中构建解决方案。解决方案的草图是:制作从0到长度为1的一系列序列,为阵列的每个维度创建一个序列。然后取这些序列的笛卡尔积。这给你一系列索引。

让我们从产品开始:

static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> CartesianProduct<T>(
    this IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> sequences) 
{ 
  IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> emptyProduct = 
    new[] { Enumerable.Empty<T>() }; 
  return sequences.Aggregate( 
    emptyProduct, 
    (accumulator, sequence) => 
      from accseq in accumulator 
      from item in sequence 
      select accseq.Concat(new[] {item})); 
}

我在这里讨论这段代码的工作原理:

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericlippert/archive/2010/06/28/computing-a-cartesian-product-with-linq.aspx

我们需要一系列序列。什么序列?

var sequences = from dimension in Enumerable.Range(0, array.Rank)
        select Enumerable.Range(array.GetLowerBound(dimension), array.GetLength(dimension));

所以我们有序列,比如说:

{
   { 0, 1, 2 },
   { 0, 1, 2, 3 }
}

现在计算产品:

var product = sequences.CartesianProduct();

所以产品

{
   { 0, 0 },
   { 0, 1 },
   { 0, 2 },
   { 0, 3 },
   { 1, 0 },
   { 1, 1 },
   { 1, 2 },
   { 1, 3 },
   { 2, 0 },
   { 2, 1 },
   { 2, 2 },
   { 2, 3 }
}

现在你可以说

foreach(IEnumerable<int> indices in product)
    array.SetValue(value, indices.ToArray());

这一切都有意义吗?

答案 2 :(得分:5)

最快的解决方案是Buffer.BlockCopy:

static void ClearArray(Array array, int val)
{
  var helper = Enumerable.Repeat(val, Math.Min(array.Length, 1024)).ToArray();
  var itemSize = 4;


  Buffer.BlockCopy(helper, 0, array, 0, helper.Length * itemSize);
  for (var len = helper.Length; len < array.Length; len *= 2)
  {
    Buffer.BlockCopy(array, 0, array, len * itemSize, Math.Min(len, array.Length - len) * itemSize);
  }
}

static int Count(Array array, Func<int, bool> predicate)
{
  var helper = new int[Math.Min(array.Length, 4096)];
  var itemSize = 4;

  var count = 0;
  for (var offset = 0; offset < array.Length; offset += helper.Length)
  {
    var len = Math.Min(helper.Length, array.Length - offset);
    Buffer.BlockCopy(array, offset * itemSize, helper, 0, len * itemSize);
    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i)
      if (predicate(helper[i]))
        count++;
  } 
  return count;
}

统计:

time: 00:00:00.0449501, method: Buffer.BlockCopy
time: 00:00:01.4371424, method: Lexicographical order
time: 00:00:01.3588629, method: Recursed
time: 00:00:06.2005057, method: Cartesian product with index array reusing
time: 00:00:08.2433531, method: Cartesian product w/o index array reusing

统计(计数功能):

time: 00:00:00.0812866, method: Buffer.BlockCopy
time: 00:00:02.7617093, method: Lexicographical order

代码:

  Array array = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(int), new[] { 100, 200, 400 }, new[] { -10, -20, 167 });
  foreach (var info in new [] 
    { 
      new {Name = "Buffer.BlockCopy", Method = (Action<Array, int>)ClearArray_BufferCopy},
      new {Name = "Lexicographical order", Method = (Action<Array, int>)ClearArray_LexicographicalOrder}, 
      new {Name = "Recursed", Method = (Action<Array, int>)ClearArray_Recursed}, 
      new {Name = "Cartesian product with index array reusing", Method = (Action<Array, int>)ClearArray_Cartesian_ReuseArray}, 
      new {Name = "Cartesian product w/o index array reusing", Method = (Action<Array, int>)ClearArray_Cartesian}, 
    }
   )
  {
    var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();
    stopwatch.Start();
    var count = 10;
    for (var i = 0; i < count; ++i)
      info.Method(array, i);
    stopwatch.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("time: {0}, method: {1}", TimeSpan.FromTicks(stopwatch.Elapsed.Ticks / count), info.Name);
  }

答案 3 :(得分:3)

一个简单的两步解决方案,未尝试进行优化:

    public static void ClearArray(Array a, int val)
    {
        int[] indices = new int[a.Rank];
        ClearArray(a, 0, indices, val);
    }

    private static void ClearArray(Array a, int r, int[] indices, int v)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.GetLength(r); i++)
        {
            indices[r] = i;

            if (r + 1 < a.Rank)
                ClearArray(a, r + 1, indices, v);
            else
                a.SetValue(v, indices);
        }
    }

答案 4 :(得分:0)

使用Array.Rank确定维数,然后使用Array.GetLowerBound(int dimension)和Array.GetUpperBound(int dimension)来了解每个给定排名的范围。

没有指定你的迭代器应该如何工作(例如,迭代的顺序是否有任何语义)。但是,要实现ClearArray(),迭代的顺序无关紧要。

使用a.SetValue(object value,params int [] indices)设置为ClearArray方法指定的值。