我有一个集成测试,可以从第三方服务器获取一些json结果。它非常简单,效果很好。
我希望停止实际点击此服务器并使用Moq
(或任何Mocking库,如ninject等)来劫持并强制返回结果。
这可能吗?
以下是一些示例代码: -
public Foo GoGetSomeJsonForMePleaseKThxBai()
{
// prep stuff ...
// Now get json please.
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("Http://some.fancypants.site/api/hiThere);
httpWebRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
string responseText;
using (var httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()))
{
json = streamReader.ReadToEnd().ToLowerInvariant();
}
}
// Check the value of the json... etc..
}
当然,这个方法是从我的测试中调用的。
我在想,也许我需要传递给这个方法(或类的一个属性?)一个模拟的httpWebResponse
或者其他东西,但是不太确定是不是这样。此外,响应是httpWebRequest.GetResponse()
方法的输出..所以也许我只需要传入一个模拟的HttpWebRequest
?。
任何带有示例代码的建议都会得到最多的肯定!
答案 0 :(得分:65)
您可能希望更改您的消费代码,以获取工厂的接口,该工厂创建可以模拟的请求和响应,以包装实际的实现。
在我的回答被接受之后很久我就得到了投票,我承认我原来的答案质量很差,做了一个很大的假设。
我原来答案的混淆在于你可以在4.5中模拟HttpWebResponse
,但不能在早期版本中模拟[Test]
public void Create_should_create_request_and_respond_with_stream()
{
// arrange
var expected = "response content";
var expectedBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(expected);
var responseStream = new MemoryStream();
responseStream.Write(expectedBytes, 0, expectedBytes.Length);
responseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var response = new Mock<HttpWebResponse>();
response.Setup(c => c.GetResponseStream()).Returns(responseStream);
var request = new Mock<HttpWebRequest>();
request.Setup(c => c.GetResponse()).Returns(response.Object);
var factory = new Mock<IHttpWebRequestFactory>();
factory.Setup(c => c.Create(It.IsAny<string>()))
.Returns(request.Object);
// act
var actualRequest = factory.Object.Create("http://www.google.com");
actualRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
string actual;
using (var httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)actualRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()))
{
actual = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
// assert
actual.Should().Be(expected);
}
public interface IHttpWebRequestFactory
{
HttpWebRequest Create(string uri);
}
。在4.5中模拟它也使用过时的构造函数。因此,建议的行动方案是抽象请求和响应。无论如何,下面是使用.NET 4.5和Moq 4.2的完整工作测试。
[Test]
public void Create_should_create_request_and_respond_with_stream()
{
// arrange
var expected = "response content";
var expectedBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(expected);
var responseStream = new MemoryStream();
responseStream.Write(expectedBytes, 0, expectedBytes.Length);
responseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var response = new Mock<IHttpWebResponse>();
response.Setup(c => c.GetResponseStream()).Returns(responseStream);
var request = new Mock<IHttpWebRequest>();
request.Setup(c => c.GetResponse()).Returns(response.Object);
var factory = new Mock<IHttpWebRequestFactory>();
factory.Setup(c => c.Create(It.IsAny<string>()))
.Returns(request.Object);
// act
var actualRequest = factory.Object.Create("http://www.google.com");
actualRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
string actual;
using (var httpWebResponse = actualRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()))
{
actual = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
// assert
actual.Should().Be(expected);
}
public interface IHttpWebRequest
{
// expose the members you need
string Method { get; set; }
IHttpWebResponse GetResponse();
}
public interface IHttpWebResponse : IDisposable
{
// expose the members you need
Stream GetResponseStream();
}
public interface IHttpWebRequestFactory
{
IHttpWebRequest Create(string uri);
}
// barebones implementation
private class HttpWebRequestFactory : IHttpWebRequestFactory
{
public IHttpWebRequest Create(string uri)
{
return new WrapHttpWebRequest((HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri));
}
}
public class WrapHttpWebRequest : IHttpWebRequest
{
private readonly HttpWebRequest _request;
public WrapHttpWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request)
{
_request = request;
}
public string Method
{
get { return _request.Method; }
set { _request.Method = value; }
}
public IHttpWebResponse GetResponse()
{
return new WrapHttpWebResponse((HttpWebResponse)_request.GetResponse());
}
}
public class WrapHttpWebResponse : IHttpWebResponse
{
private WebResponse _response;
public WrapHttpWebResponse(HttpWebResponse response)
{
_response = response;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
private void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (_response != null)
{
((IDisposable)_response).Dispose();
_response = null;
}
}
}
public Stream GetResponseStream()
{
return _response.GetResponseStream();
}
}
这是一个更安全的抽象实现抽象,适用于以前的版本(好吧,至少降至3.5):
{{1}}
答案 1 :(得分:8)
答案 2 :(得分:5)
我不会嘲笑HttpWebResponse,而是将调用包装在接口后面,并模拟该接口。
如果您正在测试Web响应是否也访问了我想要的网站,那么这与A类调用WebResponse接口以获取所需数据的测试不同。
对于模拟界面,我更喜欢Rhino mocks。请参阅here了解如何使用它。
答案 3 :(得分:3)
如果有帮助,请使用NSubstitute代替Moq在下面找到接受答案中说明的代码
using NSubstitute; /*+ other assemblies*/
[TestMethod]
public void Create_should_create_request_and_respond_with_stream()
{
//Arrange
var expected = "response content";
var expectedBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(expected);
var responseStream = new MemoryStream();
responseStream.Write(expectedBytes, 0, expectedBytes.Length);
responseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var response = Substitute.For<HttpWebResponse>();
response.GetResponseStream().Returns(responseStream);
var request = Substitute.For<HttpWebRequest>();
request.GetResponse().Returns(response);
var factory = Substitute.For<IHttpWebRequestFactory>();
factory.Create(Arg.Any<string>()).Returns(request);
//Act
var actualRequest = factory.Create("http://www.google.com");
actualRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
string actual;
using (var httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)actualRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()))
{
actual = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
//Assert
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}
public interface IHttpWebRequestFactory
{
HttpWebRequest Create(string uri);
}
单元测试运行并成功通过。
对我已经找了一段时间如何有效地做到这一点的答案进行了投票。
答案 4 :(得分:2)
Microsoft的HTTP堆栈都没有考虑到单元测试和分离而开发。
您有三种选择:
HttpWebResponse
和HttpWebRequest
。这就是MVC团队对HttpContext
所做的工作。第二个选项:
interface IWebCaller
{
string CallWeb(string address);
}
答案 5 :(得分:1)
您实际上可以在不嘲笑的情况下返回HttpWebResponse
,请参阅我的回答here。它不需要任何“外部”代理接口,只需要“标准”WebRequest
WebResponse
和ICreateWebRequest
。
如果您不需要访问HttpWebResponse
并且只能处理WebResponse
,那就更容易了;我们在单元测试中这样做,以返回“预制”内容响应以供消费。我必须“加倍努力”才能返回实际的HTTP状态代码,以模拟例如404响应要求您使用HttpWebResponse
,以便访问StatusCode
属性等
假设所有内容为HttpWebXXX
的其他解决方案忽略WebRequest.Create()
支持的除HTTP 之外的所有内容,它可以是您关注的任何已注册前缀的处理程序(通过{{如果您忽略了这一点,那么您就错过了,因为它是一种很好的方式来公开您无法访问的其他内容流,例如Embeeded Resource Streams,File stream等。
此外,明确地将WebRequest.RegisterPrefix()
的回复转换为WebRequest.Create()
是破坏的途径,因为方法返回类型为HttpWebRequest
并再次显示一些不了解API的实际运作方式。
答案 6 :(得分:-1)
我在blog post找到了一个很好的解决方案:
使用非常简单,只需要这样做:
string response = "my response string here";
WebRequest.RegisterPrefix("test", new TestWebRequestCreate());
TestWebRequest request = TestWebRequestCreate.CreateTestRequest(response);
将这些文件复制到您的项目中:
class TestWebRequestCreate : IWebRequestCreate
{
static WebRequest nextRequest;
static object lockObject = new object();
static public WebRequest NextRequest
{
get { return nextRequest ;}
set
{
lock (lockObject)
{
nextRequest = value;
}
}
}
/// <summary>See <see cref="IWebRequestCreate.Create"/>.</summary>
public WebRequest Create(Uri uri)
{
return nextRequest;
}
/// <summary>Utility method for creating a TestWebRequest and setting
/// it to be the next WebRequest to use.</summary>
/// <param name="response">The response the TestWebRequest will return.</param>
public static TestWebRequest CreateTestRequest(string response)
{
TestWebRequest request = new TestWebRequest(response);
NextRequest = request;
return request;
}
}
class TestWebRequest : WebRequest
{
MemoryStream requestStream = new MemoryStream();
MemoryStream responseStream;
public override string Method { get; set; }
public override string ContentType { get; set; }
public override long ContentLength { get; set; }
/// <summary>Initializes a new instance of <see cref="TestWebRequest"/>
/// with the response to return.</summary>
public TestWebRequest(string response)
{
responseStream = new MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response));
}
/// <summary>Returns the request contents as a string.</summary>
public string ContentAsString()
{
return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(requestStream.ToArray());
}
/// <summary>See <see cref="WebRequest.GetRequestStream"/>.</summary>
public override Stream GetRequestStream()
{
return requestStream;
}
/// <summary>See <see cref="WebRequest.GetResponse"/>.</summary>
public override WebResponse GetResponse()
{
return new TestWebReponse(responseStream);
}
}
class TestWebReponse : WebResponse
{
Stream responseStream;
/// <summary>Initializes a new instance of <see cref="TestWebReponse"/>
/// with the response stream to return.</summary>
public TestWebReponse(Stream responseStream)
{
this.responseStream = responseStream;
}
/// <summary>See <see cref="WebResponse.GetResponseStream"/>.</summary>
public override Stream GetResponseStream()
{
return responseStream;
}
}