Linux 3.0:使用管道stdin / stdout执行子进程

时间:2012-02-23 01:45:48

标签: c++ c linux posix glibc

在Linux 3.0 / C ++下:

我想要一个执行以下操作的功能:

string f(string s)
{
    string r = system("foo < s");
    return r;
}

显然上面的方法不起作用,但你明白了。我有一个字符串s,我想传递作为应用程序“foo”的子进程执行的标准输入,然后我想将其标准输出记录到字符串r然后返回它。

我应该使用linux系统调用或posix函数的组合?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:42)

eerpini提供的代码无法正常编写。请注意,例如,之后使用在父级中关闭的管道末端。看看

close(wpipefd[1]); 

以及随后对该封闭描述符的写入。这只是换位,但它表明此代码从未被使用过。以下是我测试过的版本。不幸的是,我改变了代码风格,所以这不被接受为eerpini代码的编辑。

唯一的结构变化是我只重定向子进程中的I / O(注意dup2调用仅在子路径中。)这非常重要,因为否则父进程的I / O会搞乱。感谢eerpini的初步答案,我用它来开发这个。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define PIPE_READ 0
#define PIPE_WRITE 1

int createChild(const char* szCommand, char* const aArguments[], char* const aEnvironment[], const char* szMessage) {
  int aStdinPipe[2];
  int aStdoutPipe[2];
  int nChild;
  char nChar;
  int nResult;

  if (pipe(aStdinPipe) < 0) {
    perror("allocating pipe for child input redirect");
    return -1;
  }
  if (pipe(aStdoutPipe) < 0) {
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    perror("allocating pipe for child output redirect");
    return -1;
  }

  nChild = fork();
  if (0 == nChild) {
    // child continues here

    // redirect stdin
    if (dup2(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ], STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
      exit(errno);
    }

    // redirect stdout
    if (dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
      exit(errno);
    }

    // redirect stderr
    if (dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
      exit(errno);
    }

    // all these are for use by parent only
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]); 

    // run child process image
    // replace this with any exec* function find easier to use ("man exec")
    nResult = execve(szCommand, aArguments, aEnvironment);

    // if we get here at all, an error occurred, but we are in the child
    // process, so just exit
    exit(nResult);
  } else if (nChild > 0) {
    // parent continues here

    // close unused file descriptors, these are for child only
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]); 

    // Include error check here
    if (NULL != szMessage) {
      write(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE], szMessage, strlen(szMessage));
    }

    // Just a char by char read here, you can change it accordingly
    while (read(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ], &nChar, 1) == 1) {
      write(STDOUT_FILENO, &nChar, 1);
    }

    // done with these in this example program, you would normally keep these
    // open of course as long as you want to talk to the child
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
  } else {
    // failed to create child
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
  }
  return nChild;
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

由于您希望对流程进行双向访问,因此您必须使用管道明确地执行popen在幕后的操作。我不确定这些内容是否会在C ++中发生变化,但这是纯粹的C示例:

void piped(char *str){
    int wpipefd[2];
    int rpipefd[2];
    int defout, defin;
    defout = dup(stdout);
    defin = dup (stdin);
    if(pipe(wpipefd) < 0){
            perror("Pipe");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(pipe(rpipefd) < 0){
            perror("Pipe");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(dup2(wpipefd[0], 0) == -1){
            perror("dup2");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(dup2(rpipefd[1], 1) == -1){
            perror("dup2");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(fork() == 0){
            close(defout);
            close(defin);
            close(wpipefd[0]);
            close(wpipefd[1]);
            close(rpipefd[0]);
            close(rpipefd[1]);
            //Call exec here. Use the exec* family of functions according to your need
    }
    else{
            if(dup2(defin, 0) == -1){
                    perror("dup2");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            if(dup2(defout, 1) == -1){
                    perror("dup2");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            close(defout);
            close(defin);
            close(wpipefd[1]);
            close(rpipefd[0]);
            //Include error check here
            write(wpipefd[1], str, strlen(str));
            //Just a char by char read here, you can change it accordingly
            while(read(rpipefd[0], &ch, 1) != -1){
                    write(stdout, &ch, 1);
            }
    }

}

有效地执行此操作:

  1. 创建管道并将stdout和stdin重定向到两个管道的末端(请注意,在linux中,pipe()会创建单向管道,因此您需要使用两个管道)。
  2. Exec现在将启动一个新进程,其中包含stdin和stdout管道的末尾。
  3. 关闭未使用的描述符,将字符串写入管道,然后开始读取进程可能转储到其他管道的任何内容。
  4. dup()用于在文件描述符表中创建重复条目。而dup2()会更改描述符指向的内容。

    注意:正如Ammo @在他的解决方案中所提到的,我上面提供的内容或多或少是一个模板,如果你只是试图执行代码它将无法运行,因为很明显有一个exec *(函数族)缺失,所以孩子将在fork()之后几乎立即终止。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

Ammo的代码有一些错误处理错误。子进程在dup失败后返回而不是退出。也许孩子的副本可以替换为:

    if (dup2(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ], STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
        dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
        dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDERR_FILENO) == -1
        ) 
    {
        exit(errno); 
    }

    // all these are for use by parent only
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
    close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);