在Linux 3.0 / C ++下:
我想要一个执行以下操作的功能:
string f(string s)
{
string r = system("foo < s");
return r;
}
显然上面的方法不起作用,但你明白了。我有一个字符串s,我想传递作为应用程序“foo”的子进程执行的标准输入,然后我想将其标准输出记录到字符串r然后返回它。
我应该使用linux系统调用或posix函数的组合?
答案 0 :(得分:42)
eerpini提供的代码无法正常编写。请注意,例如,之后使用在父级中关闭的管道末端。看看
close(wpipefd[1]);
以及随后对该封闭描述符的写入。这只是换位,但它表明此代码从未被使用过。以下是我测试过的版本。不幸的是,我改变了代码风格,所以这不被接受为eerpini代码的编辑。
唯一的结构变化是我只重定向子进程中的I / O(注意dup2调用仅在子路径中。)这非常重要,因为否则父进程的I / O会搞乱。感谢eerpini的初步答案,我用它来开发这个。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define PIPE_READ 0
#define PIPE_WRITE 1
int createChild(const char* szCommand, char* const aArguments[], char* const aEnvironment[], const char* szMessage) {
int aStdinPipe[2];
int aStdoutPipe[2];
int nChild;
char nChar;
int nResult;
if (pipe(aStdinPipe) < 0) {
perror("allocating pipe for child input redirect");
return -1;
}
if (pipe(aStdoutPipe) < 0) {
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
perror("allocating pipe for child output redirect");
return -1;
}
nChild = fork();
if (0 == nChild) {
// child continues here
// redirect stdin
if (dup2(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ], STDIN_FILENO) == -1) {
exit(errno);
}
// redirect stdout
if (dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
exit(errno);
}
// redirect stderr
if (dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
exit(errno);
}
// all these are for use by parent only
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
// run child process image
// replace this with any exec* function find easier to use ("man exec")
nResult = execve(szCommand, aArguments, aEnvironment);
// if we get here at all, an error occurred, but we are in the child
// process, so just exit
exit(nResult);
} else if (nChild > 0) {
// parent continues here
// close unused file descriptors, these are for child only
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
// Include error check here
if (NULL != szMessage) {
write(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE], szMessage, strlen(szMessage));
}
// Just a char by char read here, you can change it accordingly
while (read(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ], &nChar, 1) == 1) {
write(STDOUT_FILENO, &nChar, 1);
}
// done with these in this example program, you would normally keep these
// open of course as long as you want to talk to the child
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
} else {
// failed to create child
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
}
return nChild;
}
答案 1 :(得分:2)
由于您希望对流程进行双向访问,因此您必须使用管道明确地执行popen在幕后的操作。我不确定这些内容是否会在C ++中发生变化,但这是纯粹的C示例:
void piped(char *str){
int wpipefd[2];
int rpipefd[2];
int defout, defin;
defout = dup(stdout);
defin = dup (stdin);
if(pipe(wpipefd) < 0){
perror("Pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(pipe(rpipefd) < 0){
perror("Pipe");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(dup2(wpipefd[0], 0) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(dup2(rpipefd[1], 1) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(fork() == 0){
close(defout);
close(defin);
close(wpipefd[0]);
close(wpipefd[1]);
close(rpipefd[0]);
close(rpipefd[1]);
//Call exec here. Use the exec* family of functions according to your need
}
else{
if(dup2(defin, 0) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if(dup2(defout, 1) == -1){
perror("dup2");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(defout);
close(defin);
close(wpipefd[1]);
close(rpipefd[0]);
//Include error check here
write(wpipefd[1], str, strlen(str));
//Just a char by char read here, you can change it accordingly
while(read(rpipefd[0], &ch, 1) != -1){
write(stdout, &ch, 1);
}
}
}
有效地执行此操作:
dup()用于在文件描述符表中创建重复条目。而dup2()会更改描述符指向的内容。
注意:正如Ammo @在他的解决方案中所提到的,我上面提供的内容或多或少是一个模板,如果你只是试图执行代码它将无法运行,因为很明显有一个exec *(函数族)缺失,所以孩子将在fork()之后几乎立即终止。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
Ammo的代码有一些错误处理错误。子进程在dup失败后返回而不是退出。也许孩子的副本可以替换为:
if (dup2(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ], STDIN_FILENO) == -1 ||
dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDOUT_FILENO) == -1 ||
dup2(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE], STDERR_FILENO) == -1
)
{
exit(errno);
}
// all these are for use by parent only
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdinPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_READ]);
close(aStdoutPipe[PIPE_WRITE]);