我想知道是否有人提出改进以下代码的建议(如果可能的话)以便它不需要重复(我的@a = $ time =〜...),可能使用case / switch或给出/何时或其他一些我不知道的想法?
my $time = '12:59pm';
if( my @a = $time =~ m/^(\d\d?)(am|pm)$/ ) { tell_time( $a[0], 0, $a[1] ) }
if( my @a = $time =~ m/^(\d\d?):(\d\d)(am|pm)$/ ) { tell_time( @a ) }
if( my @a = $time =~ m/^(\d\d?):(\d\d)$/ ) { tell_time( @a ) }
sub tell_time
{
my $hour = shift;
my $minute = shift || '00';
my $ampm = shift || ( $hour > 12 ) ? 'pm' : 'am';
print "Hour: $hour, Minute: $minute, AMPM: $ampm\n";
}
我尝试过使用Switch和5.10给出/什么时但似乎无法做到这样的事情:
given( $time )
{
when( /^(\d\d?)(am|pm)$/ ) { tell_time( $_[0], 0, $_[1] ) }
when( /^(\d\d?):(\d\d)(am|pm)$/ ) { tell_time( @_ ) }
when( /^(\d\d?):(\d\d)$/ ) { tell_time( @_ ) }
}
由于@_似乎存储了$ time。
还要注意我对问题的语法比代码解决的问题更感兴趣。我很清楚我可以使用Time :: ParseDate来找出格式化为时间或日期的字符串的各个部分。
答案 0 :(得分:10)
您的正则表达式使用()
来提取匹配项,但您不必将它们存储在数组中。如果需要,它们会存储在$1
,$2
,$3
中,依此类推。 Lookie:
given( $time )
{
when( /^(\d\d?)(am|pm)$/ ) { tell_time( $1, 0, $2 ) }
when( /^(\d\d?):(\d\d)(am|pm)$/ ) { tell_time( $1, $2, $3 ) }
when( /^(\d\d?):(\d\d)$/ ) { tell_time( $1, $2 ) }
}
我认为你想做什么。
如果你想添加语法,我会写tell_time()
来简单地把时间作为一个字符串,并让函数解析结果本身,而不是让你的代码的用户自己解析它。或者,您可以使用此given()
块作为执行此功能的新函数的开头 - 解析时间字符串并将其正确传递给tell_time()
。但那只是我。我不知道你需要你的代码做什么,所以一定要去做。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
好吧,如果不使用开关/外壳,我只需使用一个正则表达式捕获所有变量...
#!/usr/bin/perl
tell_time ("12:59am"); # matches time format 1
tell_time ("2:59pm"); # matches time format 1
tell_time ("12am"); # matches time format 2
tell_time ("12:59"); # matches time format 3
tell_time ("14:59"); # matches time format 3
tell_time ("12:59:59am"); # produces no output, does not match any known time formats.
sub tell_time
{
my $timearg = shift;
# note: (?: ... ) creates a non-capturing group, which is not reflected in
# the returned array.
my ($hour , $minute, $ampm) = ( $timearg =~ m/^(\d\d?)(?::(\d\d?))?(am|pm)?$/ ) ;
# only continue if we captured all required fields (i.e. hour)
if($hour)
{
# set default values for optional fields (i.e. minute, ampm) if necessary
$minute ||= '00';
$ampm ||= ( $hour > 12 ) ? 'pm' : 'am';
print "Hour: $hour, Minute: $minute, AMPM: $ampm\n";
}
}
如果有必要,我可以进一步解释,但我想如果你能阅读perl它应该清楚它在做什么......
答案 2 :(得分:1)
由于您使用的是5.10,因此您可以在正则表达式中使用named captures:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use 5.010;
use strict;
use warnings;
my $hour24 = qr/(?<hour>[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3])/;
my $hour12 = qr/(?<hour>[1-9]|1[0-2])/;
my $minute = qr/(?<minute>[0-5][0-9])/;
my $meridiem = qr/(?<meridiem>am|AM|pm|PM)/;
for my $time (qw(5pm 10am 5:59pm 10:00pm 5:00 22:00 24:00)) {
given($time) {
when(/ ^ $hour12 $meridiem $ /x) {
my $hour = $+{hour};
$hour += 12 if 'pm' eq lc $+{meridiem};
tell_time($hour, "00")
}
when(/ ^ $hour12 : $minute $meridiem $ /x) {
my $hour = $+{hour};
$hour += 12 if 'pm' eq lc $+{meridiem};
tell_time($hour, $+{minute})
}
when(/ ^ $hour24 : $minute $ /x) {
tell_time($+{hour}, $+{minute})
}
default {
say "bad time: $time";
}
}
}
sub tell_time {
my ($hour, $minute) = @_;
say "it is $hour:$minute";
}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
Chris Lutz已经使用Perl 5.10覆盖了切换语法。在Perl的版本中,您可以使用循环别名来模拟一个:
for ($time) {
/^(\d\d?)(am|pm)$/ && do { tell_time( $1, 0, $2 ); last };
/^(\d\d?):(\d\d)(am|pm)$/ && do { tell_time( $1, $2, $3 ); last };
/^(\d\d?):(\d\d)$/ && do { tell_time( $1, $2 ); last };
}
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我不确定给定/何时方面是否重要。我只想在一个正则表达式中组合可能的模式。结合特殊变量%+和defined-or运算符,我们可以使代码更简洁。
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
my @times = qw( 12:59pm 12 1pm 13:11 11 11pm);
my $hour_pat = '(?<hour>[0-9]{1,2})';
my $minute_pat = '(?<minute>[0-9]{2})';
my $ampm_pat = '(?<ampm>am|pm)';
my $re = qr{
\A
(?:$hour_pat : $minute_pat $ampm_pat)
|
(?:$hour_pat : $minute_pat)
|
(?:$hour_pat $ampm_pat)
|
(?:$hour_pat)
\z
}x;
for my $time ( @times ) {
if ( $time =~ $re ) {
tell_time( %+ );
}
}
sub tell_time {
my %time = @_;
printf( "Hour: %2.2d, Minute: %2.2d, AMPM: %s\n",
$time{hour},
$time{minute} // 0,
$time{ampm} // ( $time{hour} >= 12 ? 'pm' : 'am' ),
);
return;
}
答案 5 :(得分:0)
我使用块标签创建开关,如下所示:
my $time = '12:59pm';
SWITCH: {
$time =~ /^(\d\d?)(am|pm)$/ && do {
tell_time($1,0,$2);
last SWITCH;
};
$time =~ /^(\d\d?):(\d\d)(am|pm)$/ && do {
tell_time($1,$2,$3);
last SWITCH;
};
$time =~ /^(\d\d?):(\d\d)$/ && do {
tell_time($1,$2);
};
}