是否可以在没有FlexibleInstances 的情况下表达以下Haskell程序,即在纯Haskell2010中?
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
class Funk a where truth :: a -> [Bool]
instance Funk [Bool] where truth = \x -> x
instance Funk Bool where truth = \x -> [x]
instance Funk b => Funk (Bool -> b) where
truth f = concat [truth (f True), truth (f False)]
这受到How to write a Haskell function that takes a variadic function as an argument上答案的启发。
我怀疑问题是,truth
返回的内容不是作为参数的函数(返回Bool
,而不是[Bool]
)。
这个片段的目的是给出一个布尔函数所有可能配置的所有评估的列表,即
Main> truth (\x y -> x && y)
[True,False,False,False]
Main> truth (\x y -> x || y)
[True,True,True,False]
最后,要打印一个真值表,如下所示(请参阅本文末尾的样板,以查看产生此代码的代码):
Main> main
T T T | T
T T F | T
T F T | T
T F F | F
F T T | T
F T F | F
F F T | T
F F F | T
以下是一些用于测试和可视化的样板代码,该功能的用途是:
class TruthTable a where
truthTable :: Funk f => f -> a
instance TruthTable [String] where
truthTable f = zipWith (++) (hCells (div (length t) 2)) (map showBool $ truth f)
where
showBool True = "| T"
showBool False = "| F"
hCells 1 = ["T ", "F "]
hCells n = ["T " ++ x | x <- hCells (div n 2)] ++ ["F " ++ x | x <- hCells (div n 2)]
instance TruthTable [Char] where
truthTable f = foldl1 join (truthTable f)
where join a b = a ++ "\n" ++ b
instance TruthTable (IO a) where
truthTable f = putStrLn (truthTable f) >> return undefined
main :: IO ()
main = truthTable (\x y z -> x `xor` y ==> z)
xor :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
xor a b = not $ a == b
(==>) :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
a ==> b = not $ a && not b
答案 0 :(得分:12)
没问题:
class Funk a where truth :: a -> [Bool]
instance (IsBool a) => Funk [a] where truth = map toBool
instance Funk Bool where truth = \x -> [x]
instance (IsBool a, Funk b) => Funk (a -> b) where
truth f = concat [truth (f $ fromBool True), truth (f $ fromBool False)]
class IsBool a where
toBool :: a -> Bool
fromBool :: Bool -> a
instance IsBool Bool where
toBool = id
fromBool = id
如果你愿意,你甚至可以制作'荣誉布尔',比如0和1的整数等。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
Haskell98的方法是使用newtypes([] Bool)和(( - &gt;)Bool b):
newtype LB = LB [Bool]
newtype FAB b = FAB (Bool -> b)
class Funk a where truth :: a -> [Bool]
instance Funk LB where truth = \(LB x) -> x
instance Funk Bool where truth = \x -> [x]
instance Funk b => Funk (FAB b) where
truth (FAB f) = concat [truth (f True), truth (f False)]
然后这部分编译而不需要任何LANGUAGE扩展。但它消除了使“真相”变得简单易用的用例。