Question

我有一个包含重复元素的Ruby数组。

array = [1,2,2,1,4,4,5,6,7,8,5,6]

如何在不使用for循环和迭代的情况下保留所有唯一元素的同时从此数组中删除所有重复元素？

Answer 1

array = array.uniq

uniq method删除所有重复元素并保留数组中的所有唯一元素。

Ruby语言的众多美女之一。

Answer 2

您也可以返回交叉路口。

a = [1,1,2,3]
a & a

这也会删除重复项。

Answer 3

您可以使用uniq方法删除重复的元素：

array.uniq  # => [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

可能还有用的是uniq方法需要一个块，例如，如果你有一个像这样的键数组：

["bucket1:file1", "bucket2:file1", "bucket3:file2", "bucket4:file2"]

并且您想知道什么是唯一文件，您可以通过以下方式找到它：

a.uniq { |f| f[/\d+$/] }.map { |p| p.split(':').last }

Answer 4

如果有人关心的话，只是另一种选择。

您还可以使用数组的to_set方法将Array转换为Set，根据定义，set元素是唯一的。

[1,2,3,4,5,5,5,6].to_set => [1,2,3,4,5,6]

Answer 5

如果有人正在寻找删除重复值的所有实例的方法，请参阅this question。

a = [1, 2, 2, 3]
counts = Hash.new(0)
a.each { |v| counts[v] += 1 }
p counts.select { |v, count| count == 1 }.keys # [1, 3]

Answer 6

对我来说最简单的方法是这些：

array = [1, 2, 2, 3]

`Array#to_set`

array.to_set.to_a

# [1, 2, 3]

`Array#uniq`

array.uniq

# [1, 2, 3]

Answer 7

仅提供一些见解：

require 'fruity'
require 'set'

array = [1,2,2,1,4,4,5,6,7,8,5,6] * 1_000

def mithun_sasidharan(ary)
  ary.uniq
end

def jaredsmith(ary)
  ary & ary
end

def lri(ary)
  counts = Hash.new(0)
  ary.each { |v| counts[v] += 1 }
  counts.select { |v, count| count == 1 }.keys 
end

def finks(ary)
  ary.to_set
end

def santosh_mohanty(ary)
    result = ary.reject.with_index do |ele,index|
      res = (ary[index+1] ^ ele)
      res == 0
    end
end

SHORT_ARRAY = [1,1,2,2,3,1]
mithun_sasidharan(SHORT_ARRAY) # => [1, 2, 3]
jaredsmith(SHORT_ARRAY) # => [1, 2, 3]
lri(SHORT_ARRAY) # => [3]
finks(SHORT_ARRAY) # => #<Set: {1, 2, 3}>
santosh_mohanty(SHORT_ARRAY) # => [1, 2, 3, 1]

puts 'Ruby v%s' % RUBY_VERSION

compare do
  _mithun_sasidharan { mithun_sasidharan(array) }
  _jaredsmith { jaredsmith(array) }
  _lri { lri(array) }
  _finks { finks(array) }
  _santosh_mohanty { santosh_mohanty(array) }
end

运行时会产生以下结果：

# >> Ruby v2.7.1
# >> Running each test 16 times. Test will take about 2 seconds.
# >> _mithun_sasidharan is faster than _jaredsmith by 2x ± 0.1
# >> _jaredsmith is faster than _santosh_mohanty by 4x ± 0.1 (results differ: [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] vs [1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, ...
# >> _santosh_mohanty is similar to _lri (results differ: [1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 5, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6, ...
# >> _lri is similar to _finks (results differ: [] vs #<Set: {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}>)

注意：这些返回了不好的结果：

lri(SHORT_ARRAY) # => [3]
finks(SHORT_ARRAY) # => #<Set: {1, 2, 3}>
santosh_mohanty(SHORT_ARRAY) # => [1, 2, 3, 1]

Answer 8

尝试使用Ruby中的XOR运算符：

a = [3,2,3,2,3,5,6,7].sort!

result = a.reject.with_index do |ele,index|
  res = (a[index+1] ^ ele)
  res == 0
end

print result

从Ruby中删除数组中的重复元素

8 个答案:

`Array#to_set`

`Array#uniq`