Question

我正在用maven弄湿我的脚，但这是一个陡峭的学习曲线。我正在尝试从单元测试中加载纯文本文件。测试通过，现在我已将项目转换为maven项目，测试似乎无法解决测试文件的位置。

// I have the following test that I would like to run:

package net.stevenpeterson.base;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import net.stevenpeterson.base.LoadStringUtility;

import org.junit.Test;

public class LoadStringUtilityTest {

    @Test
    public void testSingleLine() {
        assertEquals("Loading File", "This is a test." , loadFile("singleLine") );
    }

    @Test
    public void testSeveralLines() {
        assertFalse("Compare a string appended with extra lines, should not compare true. ", "This is a test.".equals(loadFile("severalLines")) );
    }

    @Test
    public void loadSherlockHolmes() {
        String fileToLoad = "cano.txt";
        try{
        StringBuilder holmesCanon = LoadStringUtility.LoadString(fileToLoad);

        System.out.println("Finished Loading file: chars read=" + holmesCanon.length());
        assertTrue("loading size of file:", true);
        }catch(Exception e){
         fail("Exception thrown while loading: " + fileToLoad);
        }

    }


    private String loadFile(String fileName) {
        StringBuilder loadedFromFile = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            loadedFromFile = LoadStringUtility.LoadString(fileName);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            fail("Unable to find load file: " + fileName);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return loadedFromFile.toString();
    }
}

以下是我的pom.xml文件：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

      <groupId>net.stevenpeterson</groupId>
      <artifactId>bookreader</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>jar</packaging>

      <name>bookreader</name>
      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>

      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>4.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>

    <build>
        <testResources>
          <testResource>
            <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
          </testResource>
        </testResources>
    </build>

    </project>

当我运行单元测试时：

steven@steven-desktop:~/maven-conversion/bookreader$ mvn test
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building bookreader 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.4.3:resources (default-resources) @ bookreader ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/steven/maven-conversion/bookreader/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) @ bookreader ---
[INFO] Compiling 3 source files to /home/steven/maven-conversion/bookreader/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.4.3:testResources (default-testResources) @ bookreader ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ bookreader ---
[INFO] Compiling 5 source files to /home/steven/maven-conversion/bookreader/target/test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.7.2:test (default-test) @ bookreader ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /home/steven/maven-conversion/bookreader/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running net.stevenpeterson.base.LoadStringUtilityTest
Tests run: 3, Failures: 3, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.041 sec <<< FAILURE!
Running net.stevenpeterson.base.SplitStringUtilityTest
Tests run: 5, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.004 sec
Running net.stevenpeterson.booksplitter.BookSplitterTest
Tests run: 4, Failures: 4, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.007 sec <<< FAILURE!

Results :

Failed tests: 
  testSingleLine(net.stevenpeterson.base.LoadStringUtilityTest): Unable to find load file: singleLine
  testSeveralLines(net.stevenpeterson.base.LoadStringUtilityTest): Unable to find load file: severalLines
  loadSherlockHolmes(net.stevenpeterson.base.LoadStringUtilityTest): Exception thrown while loading: cano.txt
  ThirdLineOfAlphabetTest(net.stevenpeterson.booksplitter.BookSplitterTest): IOException thrown while loading test file.
  OutOfRangeLineOfAlphabetTest(net.stevenpeterson.booksplitter.BookSplitterTest): IOException thrown while loading test file.
  SectionSizeTwoAlphabetTest(net.stevenpeterson.booksplitter.BookSplitterTest): IOException thrown while loading test file.
  LastLineOfAlphabetTest(net.stevenpeterson.booksplitter.BookSplitterTest): IOException thrown while loading test file.

>     Tests run: 12, Failures: 7, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
>     
>     [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     [INFO] BUILD FAILURE
>     [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     [INFO] Total time: 1.634s
>     [INFO] Finished at: Tue Nov 29 19:41:59 MST 2011
>     [INFO] Final Memory: 15M/105M
>     [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.7.2:test
> (default-test) on project bookreader: There are test failures.
>     [ERROR] 
>     [ERROR] Please refer to /home/steven/maven-conversion/bookreader/target/surefire-reports for
> the individual test results.
>     [ERROR] -> [Help 1]
>     [ERROR] 
>     [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
>     [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
>     [ERROR] 
>     [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
>     [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException


Contents of: /home/steven/maven-conversion/bookreader/target/test-classes
AlphabetTest  cano.txt  net/  severalLines  singleLine

It looks as if Maven is placing the resources in the correct location, I think I'm confused about the relative path that is being used when I execute my tests.

Answer 1

我通常将测试相关的纯文本文件放在给定项目下的src / test / resources目录下（以及src / test / java单元测试），这是测试资源文件的默认目录...看起来你可能正在查看你的pom.xml文件。顺便说一句，由于它是默认位置，您可能不需要将其调出。

从单元测试中，您可以使用类加载器加载这些文件：

InputStream is = SomeClass.class.getResourceAsStream("cano.txt";);

好像你的问题可能出在你的LoadStringUtility类中。在不知道你的LoadStringUtility看起来是什么样的情况下，我无法就可能出现的问题给你任何指示。

看起来您正在将流加载到String中。通常我会使用Apache Commons IO IOUtils帮助程序类将输入流内容拉入字符串：

String output = IOUtils.toString(is);

可能会导致LoadStringUtility看起来像这样：

public class LoadStringUtility {

    public static String loadStringFromFile(String file) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = LoadStringUtility.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(file);
        return IOUtils.toString(inputStream);
    }
}

Answer 2

顺便说一下，您不需要将src/test/resources指定为build，因为默认情况下就是这样。

请确认<your_app_base_path>/target/test-classes。

我不知道你是如何加载的，但你可以在Loading a property file by reading line by line from another file

参考我的回复

我在这里更新以便于访问以及一些修复：

package testing.project;

import java.io.*;

enum PathType {RESOURCE, ABSOLUTE}

private static InputStream createInputStream(String line, PathType pathType) {
    InputStream in = null;
    if (pathType == PathType.RESOURCE)
        in = PropertyTest.class.getResourceAsStream(line);
    else {
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(line);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    return in;
}

调用它的代码。有各种各样的方式。

如果要从类加载器的基础加载属性。例如，如果我使用eclipse中的main函数运行我的应用程序，我的基础将是<some_path>/classes。所以文件label.properties就在那里。此外，如果您从Tomcat运行，label.properties位于<your_web_app>/classes。在maven中，如果运行测试用例，它将在<app_base_path>/target/test-classes其他<app_base_path>/target/classes中。使用下面的代码：

createInputStream("/" + line, PathType.RESOURCE); // Load from base path of class loader
如果要从类加载器的包文件夹加载属性。例如，如果我使用eclipse中的main函数运行我的应用程序，我的基础将是<some_path>/classes。文件label.properties位于<some_path>/classes/testing/project。此外，如果您从Tomcat运行并且label.properties位于<your_web_app>/classes/testing/project，请使用以下代码：

createInputStream(line, PathType.RESOURCE); // Load from base path of class loader + the package path
如果您想要硬盘驱动器上任何绝对路径的加载属性。使用以下代码：

createInputStream("C:\\apps\\apache\\tomcat7\\webapps\\examples\\WEB-INF\\classes\\" + line, PathType.ABSOLUTE);

注意：请根据您的需要处理异常。也可以根据需要修改它，或者如果我错过了一些进口。如前所述，Maven在前两种情况下的行为相同，只是使用常识。

Answer 3

对于这种情况，无论好坏，我正在寻找的是特定资源的路径。在给出的答案中的信息帮助我把以下内容放在一起：
package net.stevenpeterson.bookreaderlib;

import java.net.URL;

public class ResourceLookup {

    private ResourceLookup(){
    }

    public static String getPathForResource(String name){
        ResourceLookup lookupInstance = new ResourceLookup();
        URL aURL = lookupInstance.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(name);
        return aURL.getPath();
    }
}

之后，我修改了测试类：

package net.stevenpeterson.bookreaderlib;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;    

import net.stevenpeterson.bookreaderlib.LoadStringUtility;
import net.stevenpeterson.bookreaderlib.ResourceLookup;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class LoadStringUtilityTest {


    private String singleLine;
    private String severalLines;
    private String cano;



    @Test 
    public void testGetURLMethod(){
        String resourcePath = ResourceLookup.getPathForResource("singleLine");
        assertNotNull("URL to singleLine should not be null", resourcePath);
    }

    @Test
    public void testSingleLine() {
        assertEquals("Loading File", "This is a test." , loadFile(singleLine) );
    }

    @Test
    public void testSeveralLines() {
        assertFalse("Compare a string appended with extra lines, should not compare true. ", "This is a test.".equals(loadFile(severalLines)) );
    }

    @Test
    public void loadSherlockHolmes() {
        String fileToLoad = this.cano;
        try{
        StringBuilder holmesCanon = LoadStringUtility.LoadString(fileToLoad);
        System.out.println("Finished Loading file: chars read=" + holmesCanon.length());
        assertTrue("loading size of file:", true);
        }catch(Exception e){
         fail("Exception thrown while loading: " + fileToLoad);
        }

    }


    private String loadFile(String fileName) {
        StringBuilder loadedFromFile = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            loadedFromFile = LoadStringUtility.LoadString(fileName);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            fail("Unable to find load file: " + fileName);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return loadedFromFile.toString();
    }


    @Before
    public void loadAllResources(){
        **this.singleLine = ResourceLookup.getPathForResource("singleLine");
        this.severalLines = ResourceLookup.getPathForResource("severalLines");
        this.cano = ResourceLookup.getPathForResource("cano.txt");**
    }
}

Maven没有看到我在单元测试中使用的一些文本文件

3 个答案: