使用RequireJS加载Backbone和Underscore

时间:2011-11-15 03:50:52

标签: javascript backbone.js underscore.js requirejs

我正在尝试使用RequireJS加载Backbone和Underscore(以及jQuery)。使用最新版本的Backbone和Underscore,看起来有点棘手。例如,Underscore自动将自己注册为模块,但Backbone假设Underscore在全球范围内可用。我还应该注意,Backbone似乎并没有将自己注册为一个模块,这使得它与其他库不一致。这是我能想到的最好的main.js:

require(
{
    paths: {
        'backbone': 'libs/backbone/backbone-require',
        'templates': '../templates'
    }
},
[
    // jQuery registers itself as a module.
    'http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7/jquery.min.js',

    // Underscore registers itself as a module.
    'http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/underscore.js/1.2.1/underscore-min.js'
], function() {

    // These nested require() calls are just due to how Backbone is built.  Underscore basically says if require()
    // is available then it will automatically register an "underscore" module, but it won't register underscore
    // as a global "_".  However, Backbone expects Underscore to be a global variable.  To make this work, we require
    // the Underscore module after it's been defined from within Underscore and set it as a global variable for
    // Backbone's sake.  Hopefully Backbone will soon be able to use the Underscore module directly instead of
    // assuming it's global.
    require(['underscore'], function(_) {
        window._ = _;
    });

    require([
        'order!http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/backbone.js/0.5.3/backbone-min.js',
        'order!app'
    ], function(a, app) {
        app.initialize();
    })
});

我应该提一下,虽然它有效但是优化器会扼杀它。我收到以下内容:

Tracing dependencies for: main
js: "/home/httpd/aahardy/requirejs/r.js", line 7619: exception from uncaught JavaScript throw: Error: Error: Error evaluating module "undefined" at location "/home/httpd/aahardy/phoenix/trunk/ui/js/../../ui-build/js/underscore.js":
JavaException: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /home/httpd/aahardy/phoenix/trunk/ui/js/../../ui-build/js/underscore.js (No such file or directory)
fileName:/home/httpd/aahardy/phoenix/trunk/ui/js/../../ui-build/js/underscore.js
lineNumber: undefined
http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#defineerror
In module tree:
    main

有没有更好的方法来处理这个?谢谢!

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:293)

RequireJS 2.X现在有机地解决了非AMD模块,例如Backbone&使用新的shim配置,可以更好地下划线。

shim配置易于使用:(1)一个说明依赖关系(deps),如果有的话(可能来自paths配置,或者可能有效路径本身)。 (2)(可选)从正在填充的文件中指定全局变量名称,该文件应导出到需要它的模块函数中。 (如果你没有指定导出,那么你只需要使用全局,因为什么都不会传递到你的require / define函数。)

以下是shim加载Backbone的简单示例用法。它还为下划线添加了导出,即使它没有任何依赖项。

require.config({
  shim: {
    underscore: {
      exports: '_'
    },
    backbone: {
      deps: ["underscore", "jquery"],
      exports: "Backbone"
    }
  }
});

//the "main" function to bootstrap your code
require(['jquery', 'underscore', 'backbone'], function ($, _, Backbone) {   // or, you could use these deps in a separate module using define

});

注意:此简化代码假定jquery,backbone和underscore位于同一目录中名为“jquery.js”,“backbone.js”和“underscore.js”的文件中作为这个“主要”代码(它成为require的baseURL)。如果不是这种情况,则需要使用paths config

我个人认为内置shim功能,不使用分叉版Backbone& Underscore超过了使用其他流行答案推荐的AMD分叉的好处,但两种方式都有效。

答案 1 :(得分:171)

更新:从版本1.3.0 Underscore removed AMD (RequireJS) support开始。

您可以使用amdjs/Backbone 0.9.1amdjs/Underscore 1.3.1分支与James Burke(RequireJS的维护者)的AMD支持。

有关AMD support for Underscore and Backbone的更多信息。

// main.js using RequireJS 1.0.7
require.config({
    paths: {
        'jquery': 'libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery',
        'underscore': 'libs/underscore/1.3.1-amdjs/underscore', // AMD support
        'backbone': 'libs/backbone/0.9.1-amdjs/backbone', // AMD support
        'templates': '../templates'
    }
});

require([
    'domReady', // optional, using RequireJS domReady plugin
    'app'
], function(domReady, app){
    domReady(function () {
        app.initialize();
    });
});

模块已正确注册,无需订购插件:

// app.js
define([
    'jquery', 
    'underscore',
    'backbone'
], function($, _, Backbone){
    return {
        initialize: function(){
            // you can use $, _ or Backbone here
        }
    };
});

Underscore实际上是可选的,因为Backbone现在可以自己获得依赖:

// app.js
define(['jquery', 'backbone'], function($, Backbone){
    return {
        initialize: function(){
            // you can use $ and Backbone here with
            // dependencies loaded i.e. Underscore
        }
    };
});

对于某些AMD sugar,您也可以这样写:

define(function(require) {
    var Backbone = require('backbone'),
        $ = require('jquery');

    return {
        initialize: function(){
            // you can use $ and Backbone here with
            // dependencies loaded i.e. Underscore
        }
    };
});

关于优化程序错误:双击您的构建配置。我假设您的路径配置已关闭。如果您有directory setup similar to the RequireJS Docs,则可以使用:

// app.build.js
({
    appDir: "../",
    baseUrl: "js",
    dir: "../../ui-build",
    paths: {
        'jquery': 'libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery',
        'underscore': 'libs/underscore/1.3.1-amdjs/underscore',
        'backbone': 'libs/backbone/0.9.1-amdjs/backbone',
        'templates': '../templates'
    }, 
    modules: [
        {
            name: "main"
        }
    ]
})

答案 2 :(得分:5)

作为参考,从版本1.1.1(〜Feb' 13)开始,Backbone也registers itself as an AMD module。它将与requirejs一起使用,而无需使用其shim配置。 (James Burke's amdjs fork自1.1.0以来也没有更新

答案 3 :(得分:4)

好消息,Underscore 1.6.0现在支持requirejs define !!!

以下版本需要垫片,或者需要使用underscore.js然后盲目地希望“_”全局变量没有被破坏(这是公平的赌注)

只需通过

加载即可
  requirejs.config({
    paths: {
        "underscore": "PATH/underscore-1.6.0.min",
    }
  });

答案 4 :(得分:4)

我会直接写下来,你可以阅读requirejs.org上的解释,你可以使用下面的代码作为你日常使用的片段; (p.s.我使用自耕农)(因为很多事情已经更新,我发布截至2014年2月。)

确保在index.html中包含脚本

<!-- build:js({app,.tmp}) scripts/main.js -->
<script data-main="scripts/main" src="bower_components/requirejs/require.js"></script>
<!-- endbuild -->

然后,在main.js

require.config({
    shim: {
        'backbone': {
            deps: ['../bower_components/underscore/underscore.js', 'jquery'],
            exports: 'Backbone'
        }
    },

    paths: {
        jquery: '../bower_components/jquery/jquery',
        backbone: '../bower_components/backbone/backbone'
    }
});

require(['views/app'], function(AppView){
    new AppView();
});

app.js

/**
 * App View
 */
define(['backbone', 'router'], function(Backbone, MainRouter) {
    var AppView = Backbone.View.extend({
        el: 'body',

        initialize: function() {
            App.Router = new MainRouter();
            Backbone.history.start();
        }
    });

    return AppView;
});

我希望我有用。!

答案 5 :(得分:0)

require.config({
  waitSeconds: 500,
  paths: {
    jquery: "libs/jquery/jquery",
    jqueryCookie: "libs/jquery/jquery.cookie",
    .....
  },

  shim: {
    jqxcore: {
      export: "$",
      deps: ["jquery"]
    },
    jqxbuttons: {
      export: "$",
      deps: ["jquery", "jqxcore"]
    }
    ............
  }
});

require([
 <i> // Load our app module and pass it to our definition function</i>
  "app"
], function(App) {
  // The "app" dependency is passed in as "App"
  // Again, the other dependencies passed in are not "AMD" therefore don't pass a parameter to this function
  App.initialize();
});
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