如何使用Python和matplotlib制作一个4d图

Question

我正在寻找一种使用Python和matplotlib创建四维图（表面加色标）的方法。我能够使用前三个变量生成曲面，但我没有成功添加第四个变量的颜色标度。以下是我的数据的一小部分。任何帮助将不胜感激。感谢

数据子集

var1    var2    var3    var4
10.39   73.32   2.02    28.26
11.13   68.71   1.86    27.83
12.71   74.27   1.89    28.26
11.46   91.06   1.63    28.26
11.72   85.38   1.51    28.26
13.39   78.68   1.89    28.26
13.02   68.02   2.01    28.26
12.08   64.37   2.18    28.26
11.58   60.71   2.28    28.26
8.94    65.67   1.92    27.04
11.61   59.57   2.32    27.52
19.06   74.49   1.69    63.35
17.52   73.62   1.73    63.51
19.52   71.52   1.79    63.51
18.76   67.55   1.86    63.51
19.84   53.34   2.3     63.51
20.19   59.82   1.97    63.51
17.43   57.89   2.05    63.38
17.9    59.95   1.89    63.51
18.97   57.84   2       63.51
19.22   57.74   2.05    63.51
17.55   55.66   1.99    63.51
19.22   101.31  6.76    94.29
19.41   99.47   6.07    94.15
18.99   94.01   7.32    94.08
19.88   103.57  6.98    94.58
19.08   95.38   5.66    94.14
20.36   100.43  6.13    94.47
20.13   98.78   7.37    94.47
20.36   89.36   8.79    94.71
20.96   84.48   8.33    94.01
21.02   83.97   6.78    94.72
19.6    95.64   6.56    94.57

Answer 1

要创建所需的绘图，我们需要使用matplotlib的plot_surface绘制Z vs (X,Y)曲面，然后使用关键字参数facecolors传入每个补丁的新颜色。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm

# create some fake data
x = y = np.arange(-4.0, 4.0, 0.02)
# here are the x,y and respective z values
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = np.sinc(np.sqrt(X*X+Y*Y))
# this is the value to use for the color
V = np.sin(Y)

# create the figure, add a 3d axis, set the viewing angle
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.view_init(45,60)

# here we create the surface plot, but pass V through a colormap
# to create a different color for each patch
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, facecolors=cm.Oranges(V))