从previous question开始(我认为我未能充分证明我的困惑的根源),这是我写的实际功能:
/// <summary>
/// A b-tree node.
/// </summary>
public class BTreeNode
{
/// <summary>
/// Create a new b-tree node.
/// </summary>
public BTreeNode()
{
}
/// <summary>
/// The node name.
/// </summary>
public string Name
{
get;
set;
}
/// <summary>
/// The left-hand child node.
/// </summary>
public BTreeNode Left
{
get;
set;
}
/// <summary>
/// The right-hand child node.
/// </summary>
public BTreeNode Right
{
get;
set;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Perform a breadth-first traversal of a b-tree.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rootNode">
/// The b-tree's root node.
/// </param>
/// <param name="forEachNode">
/// An action delegate to be called once for each node as it is traversed.
/// Also includes the node depth (0-based).
/// </param>
public static void TraverseBreadthFirst<TNode>(this TNode rootNode, Action<TNode, int> forEachNode)
where TNode : BTreeNode
{
if (rootNode == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("rootNode");
if (forEachNode == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("forEachNode");
Queue<Tuple<TNode, int>> nodeQueue = new Queue<Tuple<TNode, int>>(3); // Pretty sure there are never more than 3 nodes in the queue.
nodeQueue.Enqueue(new Tuple<TNode, int>(rootNode, 0));
while (nodeQueue.Count > 0)
{
Tuple<TNode, int> parentNodeWithDepth = nodeQueue.Dequeue();
TNode parentNode = parentNodeWithDepth.Item1;
int nodeDepth = parentNodeWithDepth.Item2;
forEachNode(parentNode, nodeDepth);
nodeDepth++;
if (parentNode.Left != null)
nodeQueue.Enqueue(new Tuple<TNode, int>((TNode)parentNode.Left, nodeDepth));
if (parentNode.Right != null)
nodeQueue.Enqueue(new Tuple<TNode, int>((TNode)parentNode.Right, nodeDepth));
}
}
我不确定为什么在这里需要显式转换为TNode:
nodeQueue.Enqueue(new Tuple<TNode, int>((TNode)parentNode.Left, nodeDepth));
在什么情况下,parentNode.Left可能无法分配给TNode(因为TNode被限制为BTreeNode类型或派生类型。)
以另一种方式提出问题,在什么情况下此函数会导致InvalidCastException?如果没有,那么为什么编译器需要显式转换?
编辑:我认为我可以将实现更改为:
TNode leftNode = parentNode.Left as TNode;
Debug.Assert(leftNode != null || parentNode.Left == null, "Left child is more derived.");
if (leftNode != null)
nodeQueue.Enqueue(new Tuple<TNode, int>(leftNode, nodeDepth));
答案 0 :(得分:4)
parentNode.Left
仅输入BTreeNode
。不能保证它与TNode
相同。想象一下你有:
class SpecialBTreeNode : BTreeNode
class BoringBTreeNode : BTreeNode
现在考虑TraverseBreadthFirst<SpecialBTreeNode>(rootNode, ...)
。什么阻止rootNode.Left
返回BoringBTreeNode
?
// This is entirely valid...
SpecialBTreeNode special = new SpecialBTreeNode();
special.Left = new BoringBTreeNode();
听起来你可能想让BTreeNode
本身变得通用:
public class BTreeNode<T> where T : BTreeNode<T>
{
public T Left { get; set; }
public T Right { get; set; }
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您的parentNode.Left
定义为BTreeNode
,而不是TNode
。即使您派生TNode:BTreeNode
,您的.Left
仍然是BTreeNode
引用,而不是TNode
引用。所以你必须施展。正如Jon Skeet指出的那样,你需要BTreeNode
类是通用的。