我正在尝试进行一些数据转换。不幸的是,大部分数据都在字符串中,它应该是int或double等等......
所以我得到的是:
double? amount = Convert.ToDouble(strAmount);
这种方法的问题是如果strAmount是空的,如果它是空的我希望它等于null,所以当我将它添加到数据库时,该列将为null。所以我最后写了这个:
double? amount = null;
if(strAmount.Trim().Length>0)
{
amount = Convert.ToDouble(strAmount);
}
现在这个工作正常,但我现在有五行代码而不是一行代码。这使得事情变得更难以阅读,特别是当我有大量的列要转换时。
我以为我会使用字符串类和泛型的扩展来传入类型,这是因为它可能是double,或int或long。所以我尝试了这个:
public static class GenericExtension
{
public static Nullable<T> ConvertToNullable<T>(this string s, T type) where T: struct
{
if (s.Trim().Length > 0)
{
return (Nullable<T>)s;
}
return null;
}
}
但我收到错误:无法将'string'类型转换为'T?'
有解决方法吗?我不太熟悉使用泛型创建方法。
答案 0 :(得分:150)
要记住的另一件事是字符串本身可能为空。
public static Nullable<T> ToNullable<T>(this string s) where T: struct
{
Nullable<T> result = new Nullable<T>();
try
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(s) && s.Trim().Length > 0)
{
TypeConverter conv = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
result = (T)conv.ConvertFrom(s);
}
}
catch { }
return result;
}
答案 1 :(得分:49)
您可以尝试使用以下扩展方法:
public static T? GetValueOrNull<T>(this string valueAsString)
where T : struct
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(valueAsString))
return null;
return (T) Convert.ChangeType(valueAsString, typeof(T));
}
这样你可以这样做:
double? amount = strAmount.GetValueOrNull<double>();
int? amount = strAmount.GetValueOrNull<int>();
decimal? amount = strAmount.GetValueOrNull<decimal>();
答案 2 :(得分:23)
这是怎么回事:
double? amount = string.IsNullOrEmpty(strAmount) ? (double?)null : Convert.ToDouble(strAmount);
当然,这并未考虑转换失败。
答案 3 :(得分:22)
我写了这个泛型转换器。它适用于Nullable和标准值,在所有可转换类型之间进行转换 - 而不仅仅是字符串。它处理您期望的各种场景(默认值,空值,其他值等)
我已经在数十个生产程序中使用了大约一年,所以它应该非常可靠。
public static T To<T>(this IConvertible obj)
{
Type t = typeof(T);
if (t.IsGenericType
&& (t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>)))
{
if (obj == null)
{
return (T)(object)null;
}
else
{
return (T)Convert.ChangeType(obj, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(t));
}
}
else
{
return (T)Convert.ChangeType(obj, t);
}
}
public static T ToOrDefault<T>
(this IConvertible obj)
{
try
{
return To<T>(obj);
}
catch
{
return default(T);
}
}
public static bool ToOrDefault<T>
(this IConvertible obj,
out T newObj)
{
try
{
newObj = To<T>(obj);
return true;
}
catch
{
newObj = default(T);
return false;
}
}
public static T ToOrOther<T>
(this IConvertible obj,
T other)
{
try
{
return To<T>(obj);
}
catch
{
return other;
}
}
public static bool ToOrOther<T>
(this IConvertible obj,
out T newObj,
T other)
{
try
{
newObj = To<T>(obj);
return true;
}
catch
{
newObj = other;
return false;
}
}
public static T ToOrNull<T>
(this IConvertible obj)
where T : class
{
try
{
return To<T>(obj);
}
catch
{
return null;
}
}
public static bool ToOrNull<T>
(this IConvertible obj,
out T newObj)
where T : class
{
try
{
newObj = To<T>(obj);
return true;
}
catch
{
newObj = null;
return false;
}
}
答案 4 :(得分:9)
您可能想尝试:
TypeConverter conv = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(int));
conv.ConvertFrom(mystring);
进行自己的空检查并在必要时返回int?
。您还希望将其包装在try {}
答案 5 :(得分:6)
试一试......
public delegate bool TryParseDelegate<T>(string data, out T output);
public static T? ToNullablePrimitive<T>(this string data,
TryParseDelegate<T> func) where T:struct
{
string.IsNullOrEmpty(data) return null;
T output;
if (func(data, out output))
{
return (T?)output;
}
return null;
}
然后这样称呼它......
void doStuff()
{
string foo = "1.0";
double? myDouble = foo.ToNullablePrimitive<double>(double.TryParse);
foo = "1";
int? myInt = foo.ToNullablePrimitive<int>(int.TryParse);
foo = "haha";
int? myInt2 = foo.ToNullablePrimitive<int>(int.TryParse);
}
答案 6 :(得分:5)
我喜欢Joel的答案,但我对它进行了一些修改,因为我不喜欢吃异常。
/// <summary>
/// Converts a string to the specified nullable type.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The type to convert to</typeparam>
/// <param name="s">The string to convert</param>
/// <returns>The nullable output</returns>
public static T? ToNullable<T>(this string s) where T : struct
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
return null;
TypeConverter conv = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof (T));
return (T) conv.ConvertFrom(s);
}
/// <summary>
/// Attempts to convert a string to the specified nullable primative.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">The primitive type to convert to</typeparam>
/// <param name="data">The string to convert</param>
/// <param name="output">The nullable output</param>
/// <returns>
/// True if conversion is successfull, false otherwise. Null and whitespace will
/// be converted to null and return true.
/// </returns>
public static bool TryParseNullable<T>(this string data, out T? output) where T : struct
{
try
{
output = data.ToNullable<T>();
return true;
}
catch
{
output = null;
return false;
}
}
答案 7 :(得分:5)
您可以将以下内容与对象一起使用,但遗憾的是,这不适用于字符串。
double? amount = (double?)someObject;
我用它来包装属性中的会话变量(在基页上)..所以我的实际用法是(在我的基页中):
public int? OrganisationID
{
get { return (int?)Session[Constants.Session_Key_OrganisationID]; }
set { Session[Constants.Session_Key_OrganisationID] = value; }
}
我能够在页面逻辑中检查null:
if (base.OrganisationID == null)
// do stuff
答案 8 :(得分:3)
没有办法解决这个问题。 Nullable以及您的方法仅限于使用值类型作为其参数。 String是引用类型,因此与此声明不兼容。
答案 9 :(得分:3)
public static class GenericExtension
{
public static T? ConvertToNullable<T>(this String s) where T : struct
{
try
{
return (T?)TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T)).ConvertFrom(s);
}
catch (Exception)
{
return null;
}
}
}
答案 10 :(得分:3)
有一个通用解决方案(适用于任何类型)。可用性很好,但应该改进实施: http://cleansharp.de/wordpress/2011/05/generischer-typeconverter/
这允许你编写非常干净的代码:
string value = null;
int? x = value.ConvertOrDefault<int?>();
还有:
object obj = 1;
string value = null;
int x = 5;
if (value.TryConvert(out x))
Console.WriteLine("TryConvert example: " + x);
bool boolean = "false".ConvertOrDefault<bool>();
bool? nullableBoolean = "".ConvertOrDefault<bool?>();
int integer = obj.ConvertOrDefault<int>();
int negativeInteger = "-12123".ConvertOrDefault<int>();
int? nullableInteger = value.ConvertOrDefault<int?>();
MyEnum enumValue = "SecondValue".ConvertOrDefault<MyEnum>();
MyObjectBase myObject = new MyObjectClassA();
MyObjectClassA myObjectClassA = myObject.ConvertOrDefault<MyObjectClassA>();
答案 11 :(得分:3)
这是基于已接受答案的内容。我删除了try / catch以确保不会吞下所有异常并且不处理。还要确保返回变量(在接受的答案中)永远不会被初始化两次。
public static Nullable<T> ToNullable<T>(this string s) where T: struct
{
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
{
TypeConverter conv = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
return (T)conv.ConvertFrom(s);
}
return default(Nullable<T>);
}
答案 12 :(得分:2)
我的匿名类型示例:
private object ConvertNullable(object value, Type nullableType)
{
Type resultType = typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(nullableType.GetGenericArguments());
return Activator.CreateInstance(resultType, Convert.ChangeType(value, nullableType.GetGenericArguments()[0]));
}
...
Type anonimousType = typeof(Nullable<int>);
object nullableInt1 = ConvertNullable("5", anonimousType);
// or evident Type
Nullable<int> nullableInt2 = (Nullable<int>)ConvertNullable("5", typeof(Nullable<int>));
答案 13 :(得分:2)
另一种变化。这一个
NotSupportedException
转换类型,则会引发string
。例如,没有类型转换器的自定义结构。(T?)null
。无需检查null或空格。 using System.ComponentModel;
public static Nullable<T> ToNullable<T>(this string s) where T : struct
{
var ret = new Nullable<T>();
var conv = TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
if (!conv.CanConvertFrom(typeof(string)))
{
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
if (conv.IsValid(s))
{
ret = (T)conv.ConvertFrom(s);
}
return ret;
}
答案 14 :(得分:0)
让我们在堆栈中再添加一个类似的解决方案。这个也解析枚举,看起来不错。非常安全。
/// <summary>
/// <para>More convenient than using T.TryParse(string, out T).
/// Works with primitive types, structs, and enums.
/// Tries to parse the string to an instance of the type specified.
/// If the input cannot be parsed, null will be returned.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// If the value of the caller is null, null will be returned.
/// So if you have "string s = null;" and then you try "s.ToNullable...",
/// null will be returned. No null exception will be thrown.
/// </para>
/// <author>Contributed by Taylor Love (Pangamma)</author>
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="p_self"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T? ToNullable<T>(this string p_self) where T : struct
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(p_self))
{
var converter = System.ComponentModel.TypeDescriptor.GetConverter(typeof(T));
if (converter.IsValid(p_self)) return (T)converter.ConvertFromString(p_self);
if (typeof(T).IsEnum) { T t; if (Enum.TryParse<T>(p_self, out t)) return t;}
}
return null;
}
答案 15 :(得分:0)
“ Joel Coehoorn ”提供的通用答案很好。
但是,这是不使用那些GetConverter...
或try/catch
块的另一种方式...(我不确定,但是在某些情况下可能会有更好的性能):
public static class StrToNumberExtensions
{
public static short ToShort(this string s, short defaultValue = 0) => short.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static int ToInt(this string s, int defaultValue = 0) => int.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static long ToLong(this string s, long defaultValue = 0) => long.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static decimal ToDecimal(this string s, decimal defaultValue = 0) => decimal.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static float ToFloat(this string s, float defaultValue = 0) => float.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static double ToDouble(this string s, double defaultValue = 0) => double.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static short? ToshortNullable(this string s, short? defaultValue = null) => short.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static int? ToIntNullable(this string s, int? defaultValue = null) => int.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static long? ToLongNullable(this string s, long? defaultValue = null) => long.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static decimal? ToDecimalNullable(this string s, decimal? defaultValue = null) => decimal.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static float? ToFloatNullable(this string s, float? defaultValue = null) => float.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
public static double? ToDoubleNullable(this string s, double? defaultValue = null) => double.TryParse(s, out var v) ? v : defaultValue;
}
用法如下:
var x1 = "123".ToInt(); //123
var x2 = "abc".ToInt(); //0
var x3 = "abc".ToIntNullable(); // (int?)null
int x4 = ((string)null).ToInt(-1); // -1
int x5 = "abc".ToInt(-1); // -1
var y = "19.50".ToDecimal(); //19.50
var z1 = "invalid number string".ToDoubleNullable(); // (double?)null
var z2 = "invalid number string".ToDoubleNullable(0); // (double?)0