说我有这个模板类:
template<typename T> class MyClass{
public:
MyClass(const T& t):_t(t){}
~MyClass(){}
void print(){ cout << _t << endl; }
private:
T _t;
};
我想专门研究它,所以同样我定义:
template<> class MyClass<double>{
public:
MyClass(const double& t):_t(t){}
~MyClass(){}
void print(){ cout << _t << endl; }
private:
double _t;
};
现在,只要我们谈论小班,这是可以的。如果我有一个很长的课程,单独专业print()
会更聪明。我知道如何使用非成员函数来完成它。有成员函数吗?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
一个简单的解决方案是,定义 base 类模板,其中包含您想要专门化的东西,然后专门化这个类模板(毕竟它将是一个小类):
template<typename T>
struct printable
{
protected:
void print(const T & _t) { }
};
template<>
struct printable<double>
{
protected:
void print(const double & _t) { }
};
然后从中衍生出来:
template<typename T>
class MyClass : public printable<T>
{
typedef printable<T> base;
public:
MyClass(T t&):_t(t){}
~MyClass(){}
void print(){ base::print(_t); } //forward
private:
T _t;
};
您不再需要专门化此类模板;让它变得你想要的(并且合理)。
另一个替代方法是policy-based design,其中将策略类作为模板参数传递给类模板(称为 host 类)。
例如,
//lets define few policy classes
struct cout_print_policy
{
template<typename T>
static void print(T const & data)
{
std::cout << "printing using cout = " << data << std::endl;
}
};
struct printf_print_policy
{
static void print(int data)
{
std::printf("printing int using printf = %d\n", data);
}
static void print(double data)
{
std::printf("printing double using printf = %f\n", data);
}
};
//now define the class template (called host class) that
//accepts policy as template argument
template<typename T, typename TPrintPolicy>
class host
{
typedef TPrintPolicy print_policy;
T data;
public:
host(T const & d) : data(d) {}
void print()
{
print_policy::print(data);
}
};
测试代码:
int main()
{
host<int, cout_print_policy> ic(100);
host<double, cout_print_policy> dc(100.0);
host<int, printf_print_policy> ip(100);
host<double, printf_print_policy> dp(100.0);
ic.print();
dc.print();
ip.print();
dp.print();
}
输出:
printing using cout = 100
printing using cout = 100
printing int using printf = 100
printing double using printf = 100.000000
答案 1 :(得分:4)
在您的示例中,您使用的是完全专业化。在这种情况下,您可以这样做:
template <>
void MyClass<double>::print()
{
cout << _t << endl;
}
但它不适用于部分专业化。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
您可以专门为双重打印成员功能:
template< typename T >
class MyClass{
public:
MyClass(T t&):_t(t){}
~MyClass(){}
void print(){}
private:
T _t;
};
template< typename T >
void MyClass< T >::print(){/* your specific implementation*/}
template<>
void MyClass< double >::print(){/* your specific implementation*/}
答案 3 :(得分:1)
// declaration of template class
template<typename T>
class MyClass
{
public:
MyClass(T t&):_t(t){}
~MyClass(){}
void print(); // general "declaration".
// don't use inline definition for these case
private:
T _t;
};
// specialization "declaration" of wanted member function
template<>
void MyClass<double>::print();
#include "class.inl" // implementation of template class
// general "definition" of wanted member function
template<typename T>
void MyClass<T>::print()
{
cout << _t << endl;
}
在class.cpp中
#include "class.h"
// specialization "definition" of wanted member function
// specialization definition of anyone must be here.. not inl file..
void MyClass<double>::print()
{
cout << "double specialization " << _t << endl;
}