我有这个简单的Author - Books模型,并且无法找到使firstName和lastName成为复合键的方法并在关系中使用它。有什么想法吗?
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, ForeignKey, Column, String, Integer
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
engine = create_engine('mssql://user:pass@library')
engine.echo = True
session = sessionmaker(engine)()
class Author(Base):
__tablename__ = 'authors'
firstName = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
lastName = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
books = relationship('Book', backref='author')
class Book(Base):
__tablename__ = 'books'
title = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
author_firstName = Column(String(20), ForeignKey('authors.firstName'))
author_lastName = Column(String(20), ForeignKey('authors.lastName'))
答案 0 :(得分:63)
问题是你已经将每个依赖列分别定义为外键,当这不是你想要的时候,你当然需要一个复合外键。 Sqlalchemy通过说(用不太清楚的方式)来回答这个问题,它无法猜出要使用哪个外键(firstName
或lastName
)。
声明复合外键的解决方案在声明中有点笨拙,但仍然相当明显:
class Book(Base):
__tablename__ = 'books'
title = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
author_firstName = Column(String(20))
author_lastName = Column(String(20))
__table_args__ = (ForeignKeyConstraint([author_firstName, author_lastName],
[Author.firstName, Author.lastName]),
{})
重要的是,ForeignKey
定义已从各列中消失,ForeignKeyConstraint
被添加到__table_args__
类变量中。这样,relationship
上定义的Author.books
工作正常。