用Groovy进行尾递归

时间:2011-09-10 21:42:46

标签: groovy recursion tail-recursion factorial tail-call-optimization

我编码了3个因子算法:

  1. 首先,我希望Stack Overflow失败。没问题。
  2. 其次,我尝试尾部重复调用,将先前的算法从递归转换为迭代。 它不起作用,但我不明白为什么
  3. 第三,我使用trampoline()方法并按照我的预期正常工作。

  4. def factorial
    
    factorial = { BigInteger n ->
        if (n == 1) return 1
        n * factorial(n - 1)
    }
    factorial(1000)  // Stack Overflow
    
    factorial = { Integer n, BigInteger acc = 1 ->
        if (n == 1) return acc
        factorial(n - 1, n * acc)
    }
    factorial(1000)  // Stack Overflow, why???
    
    factorial = { Integer n, BigInteger acc = 1 ->
         if (n == 1) return acc
         factorial.trampoline(n - 1, n * acc)
    }.trampoline()
    factorial(1000)  // It works
    

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

Java中没有尾递归,因此在Groovy中也没有(没有使用你所显示的like trampoline()

我见过的最接近的是an AST transformation,它巧妙地将返回递归包装成一个while循环

修改

你是对的,Java(以及Groovy)确实支持这种尾调用迭代,但它似乎不适用于闭包......

此代码(使用方法而不是fact调用的闭包):

public class Test {
  BigInteger fact( Integer a, BigInteger acc = 1 ) {
    if( a == 1 ) return acc
    fact( a - 1, a * acc )
  }
  static main( args ) {
    def t = new Test()
    println "${t.fact( 1000 )}"
  }
}

保存为Test.groovy并以groovy Test.groovy次运行时执行,并打印答案:

402387260077093773543702433923003985719374864210714632543799910429938512398629020592044208486969404800479988610197196058631666872994808558901323829669944590997424504087073759918823627727188732519779505950995276120874975462497043601418278094646496291056393887437886487337119181045825783647849977012476632889835955735432513185323958463075557409114262417474349347553428646576611667797396668820291207379143853719588249808126867838374559731746136085379534524221586593201928090878297308431392844403281231558611036976801357304216168747609675871348312025478589320767169132448426236131412508780208000261683151027341827977704784635868170164365024153691398281264810213092761244896359928705114964975419909342221566832572080821333186116811553615836546984046708975602900950537616475847728421889679646244945160765353408198901385442487984959953319101723355556602139450399736280750137837615307127761926849034352625200015888535147331611702103968175921510907788019393178114194545257223865541461062892187960223838971476088506276862967146674697562911234082439208160153780889893964518263243671616762179168909779911903754031274622289988005195444414282012187361745992642956581746628302955570299024324153181617210465832036786906117260158783520751516284225540265170483304226143974286933061690897968482590125458327168226458066526769958652682272807075781391858178889652208164348344825993266043367660176999612831860788386150279465955131156552036093988180612138558600301435694527224206344631797460594682573103790084024432438465657245014402821885252470935190620929023136493273497565513958720559654228749774011413346962715422845862377387538230483865688976461927383814900140767310446640259899490222221765904339901886018566526485061799702356193897017860040811889729918311021171229845901641921068884387121855646124960798722908519296819372388642614839657382291123125024186649353143970137428531926649875337218940694281434118520158014123344828015051399694290153483077644569099073152433278288269864602789864321139083506217095002597389863554277196742822248757586765752344220207573630569498825087968928162753848863396909959826280956121450994871701244516461260379029309120889086942028510640182154399457156805941872748998094254742173582401063677404595741785160829230135358081840096996372524230560855903700624271243416909004153690105933983835777939410970027753472000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

作为猜测,我会说JVM不知道如何优化闭包(就像它对方法一样),所以这个尾调用在执行之前不会在字节码中得到优化

答案 1 :(得分:1)

从版本2.3开始,Groovy支持使用方法的@TailRecursive注释进行尾递归: http://java.dzone.com/articles/groovy-goodness-more-efficient