构造给定长度的线段之外的最大可能矩形

时间:2011-09-03 17:04:57

标签: algorithm puzzle

我最近参加了一个竞赛,我被问到这个问题。给定一个长度为数组的数组,使用所有长度可以制作的最大矩形区域。可以添加长度,但不能间断。

实施例: [ 4,2,4,4,6,8 ]给定这个数组我们能做的最好就是制作一个像8和6这样的矩形。

enter image description here

给出8 * 6 = 48的区域。

我是初学者,即使经过长时间的努力思考如何做到这一点,我也无法到达任何地方。我不是在寻找解决方案,但任何能够在正确方向上推动我的线索都将受到赞赏。

TIA

编辑:有人指出(现在删除评论)很难用解释来解释解决方案,而不是发布一些代码。如有必要,请发布代码。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:11)

问题是NP-Hard,因此backtracking解决方案[或@vhallac建议的其他指数解决方案]将是你最好的镜头,因为没有[和P!= NP,对于这类问题,没有现存的多项式解决方案。

NP-Hardness proof:
首先,我们知道矩形由4条边组成,它们成对相等[e1 = e2,e3 = e4]。
我们将证明如果这个问题存在多项式算法A,我们也可以通过以下算法求解Partition Problem

input: a group of numbers S=a1,a2,...,an
output: true if and only if the numbers can be partitioned
algorithm:
sum <- a1 + a2 + .. + an
lengths <- a1, a2 , ... , an , (sum*5), (sum*5)
activate A with lengths.
if A answered there is any rectangle [solution is not 0], answer True
else answer False

<强>正确性:
(1)如果有一个分区到S,让它为S1,S2,还有一个带边的矩形:(sum*5),(sum*5),S1,S2,算法将产生True。

(2)如果算法产生True,则存在长度可用的矩形,因为a1 + a2 + ... + a&lt; sum * 5,有2个边长度和* 5,因为其他2个边必须使用所有剩余长度[如指定的问题],每个其他边实际上是长(a1 + a2 + ... + an)/2,因此有问题的合法分区。

结论:有一个缩减PARTITION<=(p) this problem,因此,这个问题是NP-Hard

修改
回溯解决方案非常简单,获取所有可能的矩形,并检查每个矩形以查看哪个是最好的。
回溯解决方案:伪代码:

getAllRectangles(S,e1,e2,e3,e4,sol):
  if S == {}:
     if legalRectangle(e1,e2,e3,e4):
          sol.add((e1,e2,e3,e4))
  else: //S is not empty
     elem <- S[0]
      getAllRectangles(S-elem,e1+elem,e2,e3,e4,sol)
      getAllRectangles(S-elem,e1,e2+elem,e3,e4,sol)
      getAllRectangles(S-elem,e1,e2,e3+elem,e4,sol)
      getAllRectangles(S-elem,e1,e2,e3,e4+elem,sol)

getRectangle(S):
  RECS <- new Set
  getAllRectangles(S,{},{},{},{},RECS)
  getBest(RECS)

<强> EDIT2:
正如评论中所讨论的,这个答案显示不仅很难找到 BEST 矩形,也很难找到 ANY 矩形,这就产生了这个问题heuristic解决方案也很难。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

这是Python中问题的一种解决方案。它根本没有优化。例如,我在检查4,2之后甚至检查2,4。但是为了展示如何找到解决方案,我认为这已经足够了。

def all_but(lst, pos):
    return lst[0:pos]+lst[pos+1:]

def find_sets_with_len(segs, l):
    for i in range(0, len(segs)):
        val = segs[i]
        if (val == l):
            yield [val], all_but(segs, i)
        if (val < l):
            for soln, rest in find_sets_with_len(all_but(segs, i), l - val):
                yield [val]+soln, rest

def find_rect(segs, l1, l2):
    for side1, rest1 in find_sets_with_len(segs, l1):
        for side2, rest2 in find_sets_with_len(rest1, l1):
            for side3, rest3 in find_sets_with_len(rest2, l2):
                return [side1, side2, side3, rest3]

def make_rect(segs):
    tot_len = sum(segs)
    if (tot_len %2) == 0:
        opt_len=tot_len/4
        for l in range(opt_len, 0, -1):
            sides = find_rect(segs, l, tot_len/2-l)
            if sides is not None:
                print(sides)
                return sides
    print("Can't find any solution")

make_rect([4,2,4,4,6,8])

这个想法很简单:首先,计算最佳长度(即制作正方形的长度),然后搜索以最佳长度开始的所有内容,并向下搜索一侧的1。对于每个长度,枚举已计算长度的一侧的所有集合,然后枚举相反侧(相同长度)的所有集合,然后如果我可以找到另一个剩余长度的集合(即total_len/2减去我正在看的边长,然后我得到了最好的解决方案。这发生在find_rect()函数中。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

好吧,我觉得有点无聊,所以玩Java有一些经验,编码很差,没有调整,因为我想提高我的编码技能,欢迎评论。我的电脑能够回答我的小阵列:)

输出如下:

Largest rectangle range is ; 48
-------------------------------------------------
input values; [ 4,2,4,4,6,8,9 ]
-------------------------------------------------
Array details of the rectangle:
A1: [ 6 ]
B1: [ 8 ]
A2: [ 2,4 ]
B2: [ 4,4 ]

combination.class使用Kenneth算法;

import java.math.BigInteger;

public class Combination {

    /**
     * Burak
     */
      private int[] a;
      private int n;
      private int r;
      private BigInteger numLeft;
      private BigInteger total;

    public Combination (int n, int r) {
        if (r > n) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException ();
        }
        if (n < 1) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException ();
        }
        this.n = n;
        this.r = r;
        a = new int[r];
        BigInteger nFact = getFactorial (n);
        BigInteger rFact = getFactorial (r);
        BigInteger nminusrFact = getFactorial (n - r);
        total = nFact.divide (rFact.multiply (nminusrFact));
        reset ();
      }

      //------
      // Reset
      //------

      public void reset () {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
          a[i] = i;
        }
        numLeft = new BigInteger (total.toString ());
      }

      //------------------------------------------------
      // Return number of combinations not yet generated
      //------------------------------------------------

      public BigInteger getNumLeft () {
        return numLeft;
      }

      //-----------------------------
      // Are there more combinations?
      //-----------------------------

      public boolean hasMore () {
        return numLeft.compareTo (BigInteger.ZERO) == 1;
      }

      //------------------------------------
      // Return total number of combinations
      //------------------------------------

      public BigInteger getTotal () {
        return total;
      }

      //------------------
      // Compute factorial
      //------------------

      private static BigInteger getFactorial (int n) {
        BigInteger fact = BigInteger.ONE;
        for (int i = n; i > 1; i--) {
          fact = fact.multiply (new BigInteger (Integer.toString (i)));
        }
        return fact;
      }

      //--------------------------------------------------------
      // Generate next combination (algorithm from Rosen p. 286)
      //--------------------------------------------------------

      public int[] getNext () {

        if (numLeft.equals (total)) {
          numLeft = numLeft.subtract (BigInteger.ONE);
          return a;
        }

        int i = r - 1;
        while (a[i] == n - r + i) {
          i--;
        }
        a[i] = a[i] + 1;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < r; j++) {
          a[j] = a[i] + j - i;
        }

        numLeft = numLeft.subtract (BigInteger.ONE);
        return a;

      }
}

主要是Combinator.class;

import java.util。*;

public class Combinator {

/**
 * @param args
 */


private static int[] ad;
private static int[] bd;
private static String a1;
private static String a2;
private static String b1;
private static String b2;
private static int bestTotal =0;


public static void main(String[] args) {
    int[] array={4,2,4,4,6,8,9};
    getBestCombination(array, 1);

    if(bestTotal <= 0){
        System.out.println("System couldnt create any rectangle.");
    }else{
        System.out.println("Largest rectangle range is ; " + bestTotal);
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("input values; " + parseArrayToString(array));
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------");

        System.out.println("Array details of the rectangle:");
        System.out.println("A1: " + a1);
        System.out.println("B1: " + b1);
        System.out.println("A2: " + a2);
        System.out.println("B2: " + b2);


    }
}



private static void getBestCombination(int[] array, int level){


    int[] a;
    int[] b;

    int bestPerimeter = getTotal(array,true);

    Vector<Vector<Integer>> results = null;

    for(int o=array.length-1;o>=1;o--){
        for(int u=bestPerimeter;u>=1;u--){

            results = Combinator.compute (array, o, u);

            if(results.size() > 0){

                for(int i=0;i<results.size();i++){

                    a = new int[results.elementAt(i).size()];
                    for(int j = 0;j<results.elementAt(i).size();j++){
                        a[j] = results.elementAt(i).elementAt(j);
                    }

                    b = removeItems(array, results.elementAt(i));

                    if(level == 1){
                        getBestCombination(a,2);
                        getBestCombination(b,3);
                    }else if(level == 2){

                        ad = a;
                        bd = b;

                    }else{

                        getBestCombination(a,4);
                        getBestCombination(b,4);

                        if(getTotal(ad, false) == getTotal(a, false) && getTotal(bd, false) == getTotal(b, false)){
                            if(bestTotal<(getTotal(ad, false)*getTotal(bd, false))){
                                bestTotal = getTotal(ad, false)*getTotal(bd, false);
                                a1 = parseArrayToString(ad);
                                a2 = parseArrayToString(a);
                                b1 = parseArrayToString(bd);
                                b2 = parseArrayToString(b);
                            }
                        }else   if(getTotal(ad, false) == getTotal(b, false) && getTotal(bd, false) == getTotal(a, false)){
                            if(bestTotal<(getTotal(ad, false)*getTotal(bd, false))){
                                bestTotal = getTotal(ad, false)*getTotal(bd, false);
                                a1 = parseArrayToString(ad);
                                a2 = parseArrayToString(b);
                                b1 = parseArrayToString(bd);
                                b2 = parseArrayToString(a);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


private static String parseArrayToString(int[] items){

    String s = "[ ";

    for(int i=0;i<items.length;i++){
        if(i!=items.length-1){

            s = s + items[i] + ",";

        }else{
            s = s + items[i];
        }
    }

    s = s + " ]";

    return s;

}
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
private static int[] removeItems(int[] array, Vector items){


    ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    for(int i=0;i<array.length;i++){
        res.add(array[i]);
    }
    for(int u = 0;u<items.size();u++){
        res.remove(items.elementAt(u));
    }
    int[] results = new int[res.size()];
    for(int o=0;o<res.size();o++){
        results[o] = res.get(o);
    }
    return results;
}
private static int getTotal(int[] array,boolean bestPerimeter){
    int sum = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
      sum += array[i];
    }
   if(bestPerimeter == true){
       if(sum%2!=0){
           sum = sum -1;
       }
       sum = sum/2;
   }
   //System.out.println(sum); 
   return sum;

}

 @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
private static int getSum (Vector v) {
        int sum = 0;
        Integer n;
        for (int i = 0; i < v.size (); i++) {
          n = (Integer) v.elementAt(i);
          sum += n.intValue ();
        }
        return sum;
      }



    @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
    public static Vector<Vector<Integer>> compute (int[] array, int atATime, int desiredTotal) {
        int[] indices;
        Combination gen = new Combination (array.length, atATime);
        Vector results = new Vector ();
        Vector combination;
        int sum;
        Integer intObj;
        while (gen.hasMore ()) {
          combination = new Vector ();
          indices = gen.getNext ();
          for (int i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
            intObj = new Integer (array[indices[i]]);

            combination.addElement (intObj);
          }
          sum = getSum (combination);
          if (sum == desiredTotal) {

            Collections.sort (combination);
            if (!results.contains (combination)) {
              results.addElement (combination);
            }
          }
        }
        return results;
      }

}