如何重新初始化或重置类的属性?

时间:2009-04-02 04:56:27

标签: c# class properties instantiation

我创建了一个具有默认值属性的类。在对象生命周期的某个时刻,我想将对象的属性“重置”回实例化对象时的属性。例如,假设这是类:

public class Truck {
   public string Name = "Super Truck";
   public int Tires = 4;

   public Truck() { }

   public void ResetTruck() {
      // Do something here to "reset" the object
   }
}

然后在某些时候,在NameTires属性发生更改后,可以调用ResetTruck()方法,并将属性重置为“Super Truck”和4分别。

将属性重置为初始硬编码默认值的最佳方法是什么?

10 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:11)

您可以在方法中进行初始化,而不是使用声明进行内联。然后让构造函数和reset方法调用初始化方法:

public class Truck {
   public string Name;
   public int Tires;

   public Truck() {
      Init();
   }

   public void ResetTruck() {
      Init();
   }

   private void Init() {
      Name = "Super Truck";
      Tires = 4;
   }
}

另一种方法是根本没有重置方法。只需创建一个新实例。

答案 1 :(得分:4)

除非创建对象非常昂贵(并且Reset不是出于某种原因)。我认为没有理由实施特殊的重置方法。为什么不创建具有可用默认状态的新实例。

重用实例的目的是什么?

答案 2 :(得分:3)

如果你在重置方法中进行了初始化,那么你可以去:

public class Truck {
   public string Name;
   public int Tires;

   public Truck() {
    ResetTruck();
  }

   public void ResetTruck() {
      Name = "Super Truck";
      Tires = 4;
   }
}

答案 3 :(得分:3)

反思是你的朋友。您可以创建一个帮助方法来使用Activator.CreateInstance()来设置Value类型的默认值,并且' null'对于引用类型,但为什么在PropertyInfo上设置null时烦恼的SetValue也会这样做。

    Type type = this.GetType();
    PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties();
    for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; ++i)
      properties[i].SetValue(this, null); //trick that actually defaults value types too.

为了您的目的扩展此项,请拥有私人成员:

//key - property name, value - what you want to assign
Dictionary<string, object> _propertyValues= new Dictionary<string, object>();
List<string> _ignorePropertiesToReset = new List<string>(){"foo", "bar"};

在构造函数中设置值:

 public Truck() {
    PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties();

    //exclude properties you don't want to reset, put the rest in the dictionary
    for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; ++i){
        if (!_ignorePropertiesToReset.Contains(properties[i].Name))  
            _propertyValues.Add(properties[i].Name, properties[i].GetValue(this));
    }
}

稍后重置:

public void Reset() {
    PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties();
    for (int i = 0; i < properties.Length; ++i){
        //if dictionary has property name, use it to set the property
        properties[i].SetValue(this, _propertyValues.ContainsKey(properties[i].Name) ? _propertyValues[properties[i].Name] : null);     
    }
}

答案 4 :(得分:2)

关注问题分离(如评论中提到的Brian),另一种选择是添加TruckProperties类型(您甚至可以将默认值添加到其构造函数中):

public class TruckProperties
{
    public string Name
    {
        get; 
        set;
    }

    public int Tires
    {
        get; 
        set;
    }

    public TruckProperties()
    {
        this.Name = "Super Truck";
        this.Tires = 4;
    }

    public TruckProperties(string name, int tires)
    {
        this.Name = name;
        this.Tires = tires;
    }
}

Truck课程中,您要做的只是管理TruckProperties类型的实例,然后让它重置。

public class Truck
{
    private TruckProperties properties = new TruckProperties();

    public Truck()
    {
    }

    public string Name
    {
        get
        {
            return this.properties.Name;
        }
        set
        {
            this.properties.Name = value;
        }
    }

    public int Tires
    {
        get
        {
            return this.properties.Tires;
        }
        set
        {
            this.properties.Tires = value;
        }        
    }

    public void ResetTruck()
    {
        this.properties = new TruckProperties();
    }
}

对于这样一个简单的类,这当然可能是很多(不需要的)开销,但是在更大/更复杂的项目中它可能是有利的。

这就是关于“最佳”做法的事情......很多时候,没有灵丹妙药,但只有你必须怀疑的建议以及你在特定情况下适用于你的最佳判断。

答案 5 :(得分:0)

您可能需要在私有字段中保存值,以便以后可以恢复它们。也许是这样的:

public class Truck
{
    private static const string defaultName = "Super Truck";
    private static const int defaultTires = 4;

    // Use properties for public members (not public fields)
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Tires { get; set; }

    public Truck()
    {
        Name = defaultName;
        Tires = defaultTires;
    }

    public void ResetTruck()
    {
        Name = defaultName;
        Tires = defaultTires;
    }

}

答案 6 :(得分:0)

您实际上在寻找State设计模式

答案 7 :(得分:0)

如果你想要一个特定的过去&#34;状态&#34;您可以创建一个特定的保存点,以便在每次需要时返回。这也让您可以为您创建的everey实例备份不同的状态。如果你的班级有许多不断变化的属性,这可能是你的解决方案。

public class Truck
{
    private string _Name = "Super truck";
    private int _Tires = 4;

    public string Name
    {
        get { return _Name; }
        set { _Name = value; }
    }
    public int Tires
    {
        get { return _Tires; }
        set { _Tires = value; }
    }

    private Truck SavePoint;

    public static Truck CreateWithSavePoint(string Name, int Tires)
    {
        Truck obj = new Truck();
        obj.Name = Name;
        obj.Tires = Tires;
        obj.Save();
        return obj;
    }

    public Truck() { }

    public void Save()
    {
        SavePoint = (Truck)this.MemberwiseClone();
    }

    public void ResetTruck()
    {
        Type type = this.GetType();
        PropertyInfo[] properties = type.GetProperties();
        for (int i = 0; i < properties.Count(); ++i)
            properties[i].SetValue(this, properties[i].GetValue(SavePoint));
    }
}

答案 8 :(得分:0)

我用反射解决了类似的问题。您可以使用source.GetType().GetProperties()获取属于该对象的所有属性的列表。

虽然,这并不总是一个完整的解决方案。如果您的对象实现了多个接口,您还将通过反射调用获得所有这些属性。

所以我写了这个简单的函数,它让我们可以更好地控制我们有兴趣重置的属性。

 public static void ClearProperties(object source, List<Type> InterfaceList = null, Type SearchType = null)
    {


        // Set Interfaces[] array size accordingly. (Will be size of our passed InterfaceList, or 1 if InterfaceList is not passed.)
        Type[] Interfaces = new Type[InterfaceList == null ? 1 : InterfaceList.Count];

        // If our InterfaceList was not set, get all public properties.
        if (InterfaceList == null)
            Interfaces[0] = source.GetType();
        else // Otherwise, get only the public properties from our passed InterfaceList
            for (int i = 0; i < InterfaceList.Count; i++)
                Interfaces[i] = source.GetType().GetInterface(InterfaceList[i].Name);


        IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> propertyList = Enumerable.Empty<PropertyInfo>();
        foreach (Type face in Interfaces)
        {
            if (face != null)
            {
                // If our SearchType is null, just get all properties that are not already empty
                if (SearchType == null)
                    propertyList = face.GetProperties().Where(prop => prop != null);
                else // Otherwise, get all properties that match our SearchType
                    propertyList = face.GetProperties().Where(prop => prop.PropertyType == SearchType);

                // Reset each property
                foreach (var property in propertyList)
                {
                    if (property.CanRead && property.CanWrite)
                        property.SetValue(source, null, new object[] { });
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Throw an error or a warning, depends how strict you want to be I guess.
                Debug.Log("Warning: Passed interface does not belong to object.");
                //throw new Exception("Warning: Passed interface does not belong to object.");
            }
        }
    }

它的使用:

// Clears all properties in object
ClearProperties(Obj);
// Clears all properties in object from MyInterface1 & MyInterface2 
ClearProperties(Obj, new List<Type>(){ typeof(MyInterface1), typeof(MyInterface2)});
// Clears all integer properties in object from MyInterface1 & MyInterface2
ClearProperties(Obj, new List<Type>(){ typeof(MyInterface1), typeof(MyInterface2)}, typeof(int));
// Clears all integer properties in object
ClearProperties(Obj,null,typeof(int));

答案 9 :(得分:0)

如果您不使用会发生冲突的代码生成器或设计器,另一种选择是通过 C# 的 # dummy with date and unix values df <- data.frame(ts_date = as.Date(c("2021-05-31","2021-06-30","2021-07-31")), ts_unix = c(1622425615,1625017615,1627696015), v = c(123, 456, 789)) # used recent unix ts (you could use as.numeric(Sys.time()) end <- as.Date(1627348803/(60*60*24), origin="1970-01-01") start <- end - 30 # one option to filter data of last thiry df[df$ts_date >= start & df$ts_date < end,] ts_date ts_unix v 2 2021-06-30 1625017615 456 library(dplyr) # dplyr option to filter df %>% dplyr::filter(ts_date >= start & ts_date < end) ts_date ts_unix v 1 2021-06-30 1625017615 456 # dplyr option to filter and using current unix df %>% dplyr::filter(ts_unix > as.numeric(Sys.time()) - 30 * 24 * 60 * 60) ts_date ts_unix v 1 2021-06-30 1625017615 456 2 2021-07-31 1627696015 789 # set up date range seq(start, end-1, 1) [1] "2021-06-27" "2021-06-28" "2021-06-29" "2021-06-30" "2021-07-01" [6] "2021-07-02" "2021-07-03" "2021-07-04" "2021-07-05" "2021-07-06" [11] "2021-07-07" "2021-07-08" "2021-07-09" "2021-07-10" "2021-07-11" [16] "2021-07-12" "2021-07-13" "2021-07-14" "2021-07-15" "2021-07-16" [21] "2021-07-17" "2021-07-18" "2021-07-19" "2021-07-20" "2021-07-21" [26] "2021-07-22" "2021-07-23" "2021-07-24" "2021-07-25" "2021-07-26" 内容,它类似于反射,但意味着向类添加比反射更多的元信息反射可以。

TypeDescriptor

请注意,如果存在,ResetValue 也会重置为阴影属性。 the docs 中解释了选择哪个选项的优先级:

<块引用>

此方法按以下优先顺序确定要将属性重置为的值:

  1. 此属性有一个阴影属性。
  2. 此属性有一个 DefaultValueAttribute。
  3. 您已经实现了一个“ResetMyProperty”方法,其中“MyProperty”是您传递给它的属性的名称。