我想使用python,gdal和numpy创建一些高程/高度栅格栅格。我被困在numpy(可能是python和gdal。)
在numpy中,我一直在尝试以下方法:
>>> a= numpy.linspace(4,1,4, endpoint=True)
>>> b= numpy.vstack(a)
>>> c=numpy.repeat(b,4,axis=1)
>>> c
array([[ 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 3., 3., 3., 3.],
[ 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1.]]) #This is the elevation data I want
来自osgeo import gdal 来自gdalconst import *
>>> format = "Terragen"
>>> driver = gdal.GetDriverByName(format)
>>> dst_ds = driver.Create('test.ter', 4,4,1,gdal.GDT_Float32, ['MINUSERPIXELVALUE = 1', 'MAXUSERPIXELVALUE= 4'])
>>> raster = numpy.zeros((4,4), dtype=numpy.float32) #this is where I'm messing up
>>> dst_ds.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(raster) # gives the null elevation data I asked for in (raster)
0
>>> dst_ds = None
我想我错过了一些简单的事情并期待你的建议。
谢谢,
克里斯
(后来继续)
我向Ray Gardener和Frank Warmerdam道歉。
Terragen格式说明:
写作: SCAL =以米为单位的网格距离 hv_px = hv_m / SCAL span_px = span_m / SCAL offset =参见TerragenDataset :: write_header() scale =请参阅TerragenDataset :: write_header() 物理hv = (hv_px - offset)* 65536.0 / scale
我们告诉来电者:
Elevations are Int16 when reading,
and Float32 when writing. We need logical
elevations when writing so that we can
encode them with as much precision as possible
when going down to physical 16-bit ints.
Implementing band::SetScale/SetOffset won't work because
it requires callers to know format write details.
So we've added two Create() options that let the
caller tell us the span's logical extent, and with
those two values we can convert to physical pixels.
ds::SetGeoTransform() lets us establish the
size of ground pixels.
ds::SetProjection() lets us establish what
units ground measures are in (also needed
to calc the size of ground pixels).
band::SetUnitType() tells us what units
the given Float32 elevations are in.
这告诉我,在我上面的WriteArray(somearray)之前,我必须设置GeoTransform 和SetProjection和SetUnitType以便工作(可能)
来自GDAL API教程: 蟒蛇 导入osr import numpy
dst_ds.SetGeoTransform( [ 444720, 30, 0, 3751320, 0, -30 ] )
srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.SetUTM( 11, 1 )
srs.SetWellKnownGeogCS( 'NAD27' )
dst_ds.SetProjection( srs.ExportToWkt() )
raster = numpy.zeros( (512, 512), dtype=numpy.uint8 ) #we've seen this before
dst_ds.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray( raster )
# Once we're done, close properly the dataset
dst_ds = None
我为创建一个过长的帖子和坦白而道歉。如果我做对了,那么将所有笔记放在一个地方(长篇文章)会很好。
忏悔:
我之前拍过照片(jpeg),将其转换为geotiff,然后将其作为图块导入到PostGIS数据库中。我现在正在尝试创建高程栅格,以覆盖图片。这可能看起来很愚蠢,但有一位艺术家我想表达,而在此 同时也不会冒犯那些努力创造和改进这些伟大工具的人。
这位艺术家是比利时人,所以米才有序。她在纽约州曼哈顿下城工作,UTM 18.现在有些合理的SetGeoTransform。上面提到的图片是w = 3649 / h = 2736,我将不得不考虑一下这个问题。
另一次尝试:
>>> format = "Terragen"
>>> driver = gdal.GetDriverByName(format)
>>> dst_ds = driver.Create('test_3.ter', 4,4,1, gdal.GDT_Float32, ['MINUSERPIXELVALUE=1','MAXUSERPIXELVALUE-4'])
>>> type(dst_ds)
<class 'osgeo.gdal.Dataset'>
>>> import osr
>>> dst_ds.SetGeoTransform([582495, 1, 0.5, 4512717, 0.5, -1]) #x-res 0.5, y_res 0.5 a guess
0
>>> type(dst_ds)
<class 'osgeo.gdal.Dataset'>
>>> srs = osr.SpatialReference()
>>> srs.SetUTM(18,1)
0
>>> srs.SetWellKnownGeogCS('WGS84')
0
>>> dst_ds.SetProjection(srs.ExportToWkt())
0
>>> raster = c.astype(numpy.float32)
>>> dst_ds.GetRasterBand(1).WriteArray(raster)
0
>>> dst_ds = None
>>> from osgeo import gdalinfo
>>> gdalinfo.main(['foo', 'test_3.ter'])
Driver: Terragen/Terragen heightfield
Files: test_3.ter
Size is 4, 4
Coordinate System is:
LOCAL_CS["Terragen world space",
UNIT["m",1]]
Origin = (0.000000000000000,0.000000000000000)
Pixel Size = (1.000000000000000,1.000000000000000)
Metadata:
AREA_OR_POINT=Point
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 0.0000000, 0.0000000)
Lower Left ( 0.0000000, 4.0000000)
Upper Right ( 4.0000000, 0.0000000)
Lower Right ( 4.0000000, 4.0000000)
Center ( 2.0000000, 2.0000000)
Band 1 Block=4x1 Type=Int16, ColorInterp=Undefined
Unit Type: m
Offset: 2, Scale:7.62939453125e-05
0
显然越来越近但不清楚SetUTM(18,1)是否被拾起。这是4x4 哈德逊河还是Local_CS(坐标系)?什么是沉默的失败?
更多阅读
// Terragen files aren't really georeferenced, but
// we should get the projection's linear units so
// that we can scale elevations correctly.
// Increase the heightscale until the physical span
// fits within a 16-bit range. The smaller the logical span,
// the more necessary this becomes.
4x4米是一个相当小的逻辑跨度。
所以,也许这就像它得到的一样好。 SetGeoTransform获得单位,设置比例,你有Terragen世界空间。
最后的想法:我没有编程,但在某种程度上我可以遵循。也就是说,我有点想知道我的小Terragen世界空间中的数据是什么样的 (以下感谢{4}}第4周):
>>> fn = 'test_3.ter'
>>> ds = gdal.Open(fn, GA_ReadOnly)
>>> band = ds.GetRasterBand(1)
>>> data = band.ReadAsArray(0,0,1,1)
>>> data
array([[26214]], dtype=int16)
>>> data = band.ReadAsArray(0,0,4,4)
>>> data
array([[ 26214, 26214, 26214, 26214],
[ 13107, 13107, 13107, 13107],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0],
[-13107, -13107, -13107, -13107]], dtype=int16)
>>>
所以这很令人满意。我想象上面使用的numpy c之间的区别 这个结果转到了将Float16应用于这个非常小的行为 逻辑范围。
继续'hf2':
>>> src_ds = gdal.Open('test_3.ter')
>>> dst_ds = driver.CreateCopy('test_6.hf2', src_ds, 0)
>>> dst_ds.SetGeoTransform([582495,1,0.5,4512717,0.5,-1])
0
>>> srs = osr.SpatialReference()
>>> srs.SetUTM(18,1)
0
>>> srs.SetWellKnownGeogCS('WGS84')
0
>>> dst_ds.SetProjection( srs.ExportToWkt())
0
>>> dst_ds = None
>>> src_ds = None
>>> gdalinfo.main(['foo','test_6.hf2'])
Driver: HF2/HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
Files: test_6.hf2
test_6.hf2.aux.xml
Size is 4, 4
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["UTM Zone 18, Northern Hemisphere",
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9108"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",-75],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["Meter",1]]
Origin = (0.000000000000000,0.000000000000000)
Pixel Size = (1.000000000000000,1.000000000000000)
Metadata:
VERTICAL_PRECISION=1.000000
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 0.0000000, 0.0000000) ( 79d29'19.48"W, 0d 0' 0.01"N)
Lower Left ( 0.0000000, 4.0000000) ( 79d29'19.48"W, 0d 0' 0.13"N)
Upper Right ( 4.0000000, 0.0000000) ( 79d29'19.35"W, 0d 0' 0.01"N)
Lower Right ( 4.0000000, 4.0000000) ( 79d29'19.35"W, 0d 0' 0.13"N)
Center ( 2.0000000, 2.0000000) ( 79d29'19.41"W, 0d 0' 0.06"N)
Band 1 Block=256x1 Type=Float32, ColorInterp=Undefined
Unit Type: m
0
>>>
几乎完全令人满意,虽然看起来我在秘鲁的La Concordia。所以我有 弄清楚如何说 - 像北纽约,像纽约北。 SetUTM是否采用了第三个元素,表明北方或南方“有多远”。似乎我昨天遇到了一个UTM图表,它有一个字母标签区域,比如赤道上的C和纽约地区的T或S.
我实际上认为SetGeoTransform基本上建立了左上角和东北方向,这影响了SetUTM的“北/南”部分。关闭gdal-dev。
后来还是:
帕丁顿熊去了秘鲁,因为他有一张票。我到了那里因为我说那是我想去的地方。 Terragen就像它一样工作,给了我像素空间。随后对srs的调用对hf2(SetUTM)起作用,但东部和北部是在Terragen下建立的,所以UTM 18已经设定,但是在赤道的边界框中。够好了。gdal_translate让我去了纽约。我在Windows中这么一个命令行。和结果;
C:\Program Files\GDAL>gdalinfo c:/python27/test_9.hf2
Driver: HF2/HF2/HFZ heightfield raster
Files: c:/python27/test_9.hf2
Size is 4, 4
Coordinate System is:
PROJCS["UTM Zone 18, Northern Hemisphere",
GEOGCS["NAD83",
DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",
SPHEROID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7019"]],
TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6269"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4269"]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",-75],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["Meter",1]]
Origin = (583862.000000000000000,4510893.000000000000000)
Pixel Size = (-1.000000000000000,-1.000000000000000)
Metadata:
VERTICAL_PRECISION=0.010000
Corner Coordinates:
Upper Left ( 583862.000, 4510893.000) ( 74d 0'24.04"W, 40d44'40.97"N)
Lower Left ( 583862.000, 4510889.000) ( 74d 0'24.04"W, 40d44'40.84"N)
Upper Right ( 583858.000, 4510893.000) ( 74d 0'24.21"W, 40d44'40.97"N)
Lower Right ( 583858.000, 4510889.000) ( 74d 0'24.21"W, 40d44'40.84"N)
Center ( 583860.000, 4510891.000) ( 74d 0'24.13"W, 40d44'40.91"N)
Band 1 Block=256x1 Type=Float32, ColorInterp=Undefined
Unit Type: m
C:\Program Files\GDAL>
所以,我们回到了纽约。可能有更好的方法来解决所有这些问题。一世 我必须有一个接受创建的目标,因为我正在从numpy中假设/即兴创建一个数据集。我需要查看允许创建的其他格式。 GeoTiff的提升是一种可能性(我认为。)
感谢所有评论,建议以及对适当阅读的温和推动。在python中制作地图很有趣!
克里斯
答案 0 :(得分:5)
你离我太远了。您唯一的问题是GDAL创建选项的语法问题。替换:
['MINUSERPIXELVALUE = 1','MAXUSERPIXELVALUE= 4']
在键/值对之前或之后使用无空格:
['MINUSERPIXELVALUE=1', 'MAXUSERPIXELVALUE=4']
检查type(dst_ds)
,它应该是<class 'osgeo.gdal.Dataset'>
而不是<type 'NoneType'>
,以便进行无声失败,如上所述。
更新默认情况下,warnings or exceptions are not shown。您可以通过gdal.UseExceptions()
启用它们,以查看下方的内容,例如:
>>> from osgeo import gdal
>>> gdal.UseExceptions()
>>> driver = gdal.GetDriverByName('Terragen')
>>> dst_ds = driver.Create('test.ter', 4,4,1,gdal.GDT_Float32, ['MINUSERPIXELVALUE = 1', 'MAXUSERPIXELVALUE= 4'])
Warning 6: Driver Terragen does not support MINUSERPIXELVALUE creation option
>>> dst_ds = driver.Create('test.ter', 4,4,1,gdal.GDT_Float32, ['MINUSERPIXELVALUE=1', 'MAXUSERPIXELVALUE=4'])
>>> type(dst_ds)
<class 'osgeo.gdal.Dataset'>