与pygame.sprite.spritecollide（）的敌人碰撞

Question

在我的游戏中，有一个可以控制的Sprite播放器。它可以向右或向左移动，可以跳跃，发射火球（子弹）和呼吸。我添加了一个可以在设定的有限距离内从右向左移动的敌人。我现在想做的是，如果我的玩家使用pygame.sprite.spritecollide()与敌方精灵碰撞，就会失去健康。但是，它运行不正常，我不知道如何解决以下问题：如果我在下面运行我的代码，则会显示NameError: name 'enemy_list' is not defined。错误的行在更新功能下的Player类的Sprite1.py中。如何修复我的代码？我通过以下网站创建了我的敌人班和等级班：https://opensource.com/article/18/5/pygame-enemy。我愿意接受所有建议。预先感谢！我将代码分成三个文件：main.py，settings.py和Sprite1.py。这是main.py：

import pygame
import os
import sys
import time
from pygame import mixer
from Sprite1 import *
from settings import *

'''
Setup
'''
pygame.init()

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

pygame.mixer.music.load('.\\sounds\\Fairy.mp3')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)


all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
player = Player(all_sprites)

player.rect.x = 500
player.rect.y = 500


eloc = []
eloc = [400,500]
enemy_list = Level.bad( 1, eloc )

showStartScreen(surface)
x = 0
'''
Main loop
'''

main = True

while main == True:
    background = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', 'Bg.png')).convert()
    surface.blit(background, (0, 0))

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
            main = False

        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                player.control(-steps,0)

            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                player.control(steps,0)

        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                player.control(steps,0)

            if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                player.control(-steps,0)

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if not(isJump):
        if keys[pygame.K_UP]:
            isJump = True
    else:
        if jumpCount >= -10:
            player.rect.y -= (jumpCount * abs(jumpCount)) * 1
            jumpCount -= 2
        else:
            jumpCount = 10
            isJump = False

    # dt = time since last tick in milliseconds.
    dt = clock.tick(60) / 1000
    all_sprites.update(dt)
    player.update(dt)
    all_sprites.draw(surface) #refresh player position
    enemy_list.draw(surface)
    for e in enemy_list:
        e.move()
    pygame.display.flip()

这是我的设置。py：

import pygame
isJump = False
jumpCount = 10
width = 960
height = 720
fps = 40        # frame rate
pygame.display.set_caption('B.S.G.')
surface = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
PLAYER_ACC = 0.5
PLAYER_FRICTION = -0.12
PLAYER_GRAV = 0.8
PLAYER_JUMP = 20
PLAYER_LAYER = 2
PLATFORM_LAYER = 1
RED = (255, 0, 0)

steps = 10      # how fast to move

这是我的Sprite1.py：

import pygame
import sys
import os
import time
from pygame import mixer
from pygame.locals import *
from settings import *
vec = pygame.math.Vector2

def showStartScreen(surface):
    show = True
    while (show == True):
        background = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images', 'Starting_scr.png'))
        # rect = surface.get_rect()
        surface.blit(background, (0,0))
        pygame.display.flip()
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                show = False


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, all_sprites):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.movex = 0
        self.movey = 0
        self.frame = 0
        self.health = 10
        self.jumping = False
        self.images = []
        self.imagesleft = []
        self.imagesright = []
        self.direction = "right"
        self.alpha = (0,0,0)
        self.ani = 4 # animation cycles
        self.all_sprites = all_sprites
        self.add(self.all_sprites)
        self.fire_timer = .1
        self.bullet_timer = .1
        self.pos = vec(40, height - 100)
        self.vel = vec(0, 0)

        for i in range(1,5):
            img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','hero' + str(i) + '.png')).convert()
            img.convert_alpha()
            img.set_colorkey(self.alpha)
            self.imagesright.append(img)
            self.image = self.imagesright[0]
            self.rect  = self.image.get_rect()


        for i in range(1,5):
            img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','hero' + str(i) + '.png')).convert()
            img = pygame.transform.flip(img, True, False)
            img.convert_alpha()
            img.set_colorkey(self.alpha)
            self.imagesleft.append(img)
            self.image = self.imagesleft[0]
            self.rect  = self.image.get_rect()



    def control(self,x,y):
        '''
        control player movement
        '''
        self.movex += x
        self.movey -= y

    def update(self, dt):
        '''
        Update sprite position
        '''
        self.rect.x = self.rect.x + self.movex
        self.rect.y = self.rect.y + self.movey

        enemy_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, enemy_list, False)
        for enemy in ennemy_hit_list:
            self.health -= 1
            print(self.health)

        # moving left
        if self.movex < 0:
            self.frame += 1
            if self.frame > 3*self.ani:
                self.frame = 0
            self.image = self.imagesleft[self.frame//self.ani]
            self.direction = "left"

        # moving right
        if self.movex > 0:
            self.frame += 1
            if self.frame > 3*self.ani:
                self.frame = 0
            self.image = self.imagesright[self.frame//self.ani]
            self.direction = "right"

        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
            self.bullet_timer -= dt  # Subtract the time since the last tick.

        if keys[pygame.K_x]:
            self.fire_timer -= dt

        if self.bullet_timer <= 0:
            self.bullet_timer = 100  # Bullet ready.
            if keys:  # Left mouse button.
                # Create a new bullet instance and add it to the groups.
                if self.direction == "right":
                    Bullet([self.rect.x + self.image.get_width(), self.rect.y + self.image.get_height()/2], self.direction, self.all_sprites)
                else:
                    Bullet([self.rect.x, self.rect.y + self.image.get_height()/2], self.direction, self.all_sprites)
                self.bullet_timer = .5  # Reset the timer.

        if self.fire_timer <= 0:
            self.fire_timer = 100
            if keys:
                if self.direction == "right":
                    Fire([self.rect.x + 170, self.rect.y + self.image.get_height()/2], self.direction, self.all_sprites)
                else:
                    Fire([self.rect.x - 90, self.rect.y + self.image.get_height()/2], self.direction, self.all_sprites)
                self.fire_timer = .1

        if self.health == 0:
            self.kill()


class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    '''
    Spawn an enemy
    '''
    def __init__(self,x,y,img):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images',img))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y
        self.counter = 0 # counter variable

    def move(self):
        '''
        enemy movement
        '''
        distance = 20
        speed = 15

        if self.counter >= 0 and self.counter <= distance:
            self.rect.x += speed
        elif self.counter >= distance and self.counter <= distance*2:
            self.rect.x -= speed
        else:
            self.counter = 0

        self.counter += 1

class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):

    IMAGE = None
    FLIPPED_IMAGE = None

    def __init__(self, pos, direction, *sprite_groups):
        super().__init__(*sprite_groups)

        # cache images
        if not Bullet.IMAGE:
            Bullet.IMAGE = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','fireball.png'))
            Bullet.FLIPPED_IMAGE = pygame.transform.flip(Bullet.IMAGE, True, False)

        if direction == "right":
            self.vel = pygame.math.Vector2(750, 0)
            self.image = Bullet.IMAGE
        else:
            self.vel = pygame.math.Vector2(-750, 0)
            self.image = Bullet.FLIPPED_IMAGE

        self.pos = pygame.math.Vector2(pos)
        self.rect  = self.image.get_rect(center=pos)

    def update(self, dt):
        # Add the velocity to the position vector to move the sprite
        self.pos += self.vel * dt
        self.rect.center = self.pos  # Update the rect pos.
        if not pygame.display.get_surface().get_rect().colliderect(self.rect):
            self.kill()

class Fire(pygame.sprite.Sprite):

    IMAGE = None
    FLIPPED_IMAGE = None

    def __init__(self, pos, direction, *sprite_groups):
        super().__init__(*sprite_groups)

        # cache images
        if not Fire.IMAGE:
            Fire.IMAGE = pygame.image.load(os.path.join('images','fire_drag.png'))
            Fire.FLIPPED_IMAGE = pygame.transform.flip(Fire.IMAGE, True, False)

        if direction == "right":
            self.image = Fire.IMAGE
            self.vel = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
        else:
            self.image = Fire.FLIPPED_IMAGE
            self.vel = pygame.math.Vector2(0, 0)
        self.pos = pygame.math.Vector2(pos)
        self.rect  = self.image.get_rect(center=pos)

    def update(self, dt):
        self.too = True
        self.pos += self.vel * dt

        self.rect.center = self.pos  # Update the rect pos.
        if self.too == True:
            self.kill()

class Level():
    def bad(lvl,eloc):
        if lvl == 1:
            enemy = Enemy(eloc[0],eloc[1],'cookie1.png') # spawn enemy
            enemy_list = pygame.sprite.Group() # create enemy group
            enemy_list.add(enemy)              # add enemy to group
        if lvl == 2:
            print("Level " + str(lvl) )
        return enemy_list

    def loot(lvl,lloc):
        print(lvl)

Answer 1

enemy_list是在全局命名空间main.py中定义的，因此无法在模块Sprite.py中访问。

向类update的{​​{1}}方法中添加一个附加参数：

Player

由于class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite): # [...] def update(self, dt, enemy_list): # [...] enemy_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, enemy_list, False) # [...] 是player的成员，因此您必须将参数添加到其他sprites（all_sprites，update）的Enemy方法中也是如此。

在主应用程序循环中将Bullet传递给enemy_list方法update。注意all_sprites的更新方法是由Player调用的，因此all_sprites.update是多余的：

player.update(dt, enemy_list)