我正在遵循TestDriven.io的课程，设置了静态路由后，即使在project/api/users.py中添加了路由处理程序，我仍然遇到此错误：
test_app_is_development (test_config.TestDevelopmentConfig) ... ok
test_app_is_production (test_config.TestProductionConfig) ... ok
test_app_is_testing (test_config.TestTestingConfig) ... ok
test_add_user (test_users.TestUserService)
Ensure a new user can be added to the database ... ERROR
test_users (test_users.TestUserService)
Ensure the /ping route behaves correctly. ... ok
======================================================================
ERROR: test_add_user (test_users.TestUserService)
Ensure a new user can be added to the database
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1283, in _execute_context
self.dialect.do_execute(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 590, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
psycopg2.ProgrammingError: can't adapt type 'now'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/src/app/project/tests/test_users.py", line 22, in test_add_user
response = self.client.post(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 1016, in post
return self.open(*args, **kw)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/testing.py", line 222, in open
return Client.open(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 970, in open
response = self.run_wsgi_app(environ.copy(), buffered=buffered)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 861, in run_wsgi_app
rv = run_wsgi_app(self.application, environ, buffered=buffered)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 1096, in run_wsgi_app
app_rv = app(environ, start_response)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2464, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2450, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 272, in error_router
return original_handler(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1867, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 38, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2447, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1952, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 272, in error_router
return original_handler(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1821, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 38, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1950, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1936, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 468, in wrapper
resp = resource(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/views.py", line 89, in view
return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 583, in dispatch_request
resp = meth(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/src/app/project/api/users.py", line 28, in post
db.session.commit()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/scoping.py", line 163, in do
return getattr(self.registry(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 1042, in commit
self.transaction.commit()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 504, in commit
self._prepare_impl()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 483, in _prepare_impl
self.session.flush()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2523, in flush
self._flush(objects)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2664, in _flush
transaction.rollback(_capture_exception=True)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 68, in __exit__
compat.raise_(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 178, in raise_
raise exception
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2624, in _flush
flush_context.execute()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/unitofwork.py", line 422, in execute
rec.execute(self)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/unitofwork.py", line 586, in execute
persistence.save_obj(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/persistence.py", line 239, in save_obj
_emit_insert_statements(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/persistence.py", line 1135, in _emit_insert_statements
result = cached_connections[connection].execute(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1020, in execute
return meth(self, multiparams, params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 298, in _execute_on_connection
return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1133, in _execute_clauseelement
ret = self._execute_context(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1323, in _execute_context
self._handle_dbapi_exception(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1517, in _handle_dbapi_exception
util.raise_(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 178, in raise_
raise exception
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1283, in _execute_context
self.dialect.do_execute(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 590, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.ProgrammingError) can't adapt type 'now'
[SQL: INSERT INTO users (username, email, active, created_date) VALUES (%(username)s, %(email)s, %(active)s, %(created_date)s) RETURNING users.id]
[parameters: {'username': 'michael', 'email': 'michael@mherman.org', 'active': True, 'created_date': <sqlalchemy.sql.functions.now at 0x7f5369329f40; now>}]
(Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/f405)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 5 tests in 0.307s
FAILED (errors=1)
<unittest.runner.TextTestResult run=5 errors=1 failures=0>
如您所见，该错误与此函数中完成的self.client.post请求有关：
def test_add_user(self):
"""Ensure a new user can be added to the database"""
with self.client:
response = self.client.post(
'/users',
data=json.dumps({
'username': 'michael',
'email': 'michael@mherman.org'
}),
content_type='application/json',
)
print (response)
data = json.loads(response.data.decode())
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 201)
self.assertIn('michael@mherman.org was added!', data['message'])
self.assertIn('success', data['status'])
代码的逻辑和语法中的所有内容似乎都是正确的，但是我不知道为什么测试没有通过？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
从错误日志判断，问题出在INSERT INTO语句中。 created_date参数不是日期，而是函数sqlalchemy.sql.functions.now。看来您忘了给它打电话。