我想测试post方法,该方法应该将发布请求发送到“服务器”(所以我想模拟来自服务器的响应并检查响应)。另外,我想测试响应中是否包含http状态正常。问题:我该如何使用Mockito?
客户端(客户端)中的“我的发帖方法”:
public class Client{
public static void sendUser(){
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add";
HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
User test = new User();
test.setName("test");
test.setEmail("a@hotmail.com");
test.setScore(205);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
System.out.println("user response: OK");
}
}
}
另一个模块(服务器端)中的我的控制器:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController
{
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@PostMapping("/add")
public ResponseEntity addUserToDb(@RequestBody User user) throws Exception
{
userRepository.save(user);
return ResponseEntity.ok(HttpStatus.OK);
}
测试:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@SpringBootTest(classes = Client.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ClientTest
{
private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void configureRestMVC()
{
mockServer =
MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
}
@Test
public void testRquestUserAddObject() throws Exception
{
User user = new User("test", "mail", 2255);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(user );
mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("http://localhost:8080/user/add")).andRespond(withSuccess());
this.mockMvc.perform(post("http://localhost:8080/user/add")
.content(json)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().json(json));
}
}
现在我收到此错误:
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'ClientTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'restTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
答案 0 :(得分:2)
根据您的Client类,想建议以下更改,以便使其更易于测试:
// class
public class Client {
/*** restTemplate unique instance for every unique HTTP server. ***/
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public ResponseEntity<String> sendUser() {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/add";
HttpHeaders requestHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
requestHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
requestHeaders.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
User test = new User();
test.setName("test");
test.setEmail("a@hotmail.com");
test.setScore(205);
HttpEntity<User> request = new HttpEntity<>(test);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
if(response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
System.out.println("user response: OK");
}
return response;
}
}
然后在上面我们将Junit命名为:
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class ClientTest {
private String RESULT = "Assert result";
@Mock
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@InjectMocks
private Client client;
/**
* any setting needed before load of test class
*/
@Before
public void setUp() {
// not needed as of now
}
// testing an exception scenario
@Test(expected = RestClientException.class)
public void testSendUserForExceptionScenario() throws RestClientException {
doThrow(RestClientException.class).when(restTemplate)
.exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class));
// expect RestClientException
client.sendUser();
}
@Test
public void testSendUserForValidScenario() throws RestClientException {
// creating expected response
User user= new User("name", "mail", 6609);
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(user);
doReturn(new ResponseEntity<String>(json, HttpStatus.OK)).when(restTemplate)
.exchange(anyString(), any(HttpMethod.class), any(HttpEntity.class), any(Class.class));
// expect proper response
ResponseEntity<String> response =
(ResponseEntity<String>) client.sendUser();
assertEquals(this.RESULT, HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode());
}
}
基本上在您的sendResponse()
函数中,我们的工作方式是:
// we are getting URL , creating requestHeader
// finally creating HttpEntity<User> request
// and then passing them restTemplate.exchange
// and then restTemplate is doing its job to make a HTPP connection and getresponse...
// and then we are prinnting the response... somestuff
因此,在相应的测试中,我们还应该仅测试函数的功能
由于restTemplate
正在处理连接,并且您没有覆盖restTemplate
的任何工作,因此我们不应该为此做任何事情...
只需测试我们的代码/逻辑。
最后,请确保导入看起来像:
可以肯定的是,导入将类似于:
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
希望这会有所帮助。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
首先输入完整代码(在下面说明):
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.ExpectedCount.manyTimes;
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.ExpectedCount.once;
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.match.MockRestRequestMatchers.requestTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.client.response.MockRestResponseCreators.withSuccess;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MyTestClass {
MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; //create a bean somewhere. It will be injected here.
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void configureRestMVC(){
mockServer =
MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
}
@Test
public void test0() throws Exception {
//this is where you would mock the call to endpoint and and response
mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("www.example.com/endpoint1"))
.andRespond(withSuccess());
...
//here you will actually make a call to your controller. If the service class is making a post call to another endpoint outside, that you just mocked in above statement.
this.mockMvc.perform(post("www.example2.com/example2endpoint")
.content(asJsonString(new YouCustomObjectThatYouWantToPost))
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().json(matchResponseAgainstThisObject()));
}
您将需要使用@AutoConfigureMockMvc
注释。其背后的目的是根本不启动服务器,而仅测试其下面的层,Spring在该层处理传入的HTTP请求并将其交给您的控制器。这样,几乎将使用整个堆栈,并且将以完全相同的方式调用您的代码,就像处理真实的HTTP请求一样,而无需启动服务器。为此,我们将使用Spring的MockMvc,我们可以使用测试类上的@AutoConfigureMockMvc
批注要求将其注入我们。
private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
MockRestServiceServer是客户端REST测试的主要入口点。用于涉及直接或间接使用RestTemplate的测试。提供了一种设置期望的请求的方法,该请求将通过RestTemplate以及模拟响应发送回去,从而消除了对实际服务器的需求。
mockServer.expect(once(), requestTo("www.example.com/endpoint1"))
.andRespond(withSuccess());
在此处可以设置对外部呼叫的模拟。并设置期望值。
this.mockMvc.perform(post("www.example2.com/example2endpoint")..
在这里,您实际上要对自己的端点(在控制器中定义的端点)进行rest / api调用。 Spring将触及您的端点,执行您在控制器/服务层中拥有的所有逻辑,并且涉及到实际在外部进行调用的部分,将使用您刚刚定义的mockServer。这样,它完全脱机。您从未遇到过实际的外部服务。同样,您将断言附加在相同的mockMvc.perform方法上。