（MacOS Catalina）
首先，我整天都在解决这个问题，但是到目前为止，各种在线解决方案都没有帮助。
我正在尝试将mysqlclient安装到python virtualenv中。我在pip install -r requirements.txt所安装的requirements.txt文件中有mysqlclient以及其他一些软件包。
它无法正常工作，并且出现以下错误：
Collecting mysqlclient==1.3.12
Using cached mysqlclient-1.3.12.tar.gz (89 kB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-g4m4zd_8/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-g4m4zd_8/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-pip-egg-info-tcpsww4i
cwd: /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-g4m4zd_8/mysqlclient/
Complete output (10 lines):
/bin/sh: mysql_config: command not found
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-g4m4zd_8/mysqlclient/setup.py", line 17, in <module>
metadata, options = get_config()
File "/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-g4m4zd_8/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 44, in get_config
libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
File "/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-g4m4zd_8/mysqlclient/setup_posix.py", line 26, in mysql_config
raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (mysql_config.path,))
OSError: mysql_config not found
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
我开始关注一些已发布的解决方案，首先运行brew install mysql。执行此命令后，错误现在变为：
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
Building wheel for mysqlclient (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-wheel-xeoz18bn
cwd: /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/
Complete output (73 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
gcc -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.19/include/mysql -I/Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/_mysql.o
_mysql.c:252:6: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
s = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(item);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:282:6: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
s = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(item);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:571:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(ca, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:572:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(capath, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:573:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(cert, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:574:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(key, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:575:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(cipher, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:1894:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'my_bool'
my_bool recon = reconnect;
^
_mysql.c:1895:58: error: use of undeclared identifier 'recon'
mysql_options(&self->connection, MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT, &recon);
^
_mysql.c:2589:8: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
cname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
8 warnings and 2 errors generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Running setup.py clean for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient, docutils, six, python-dateutil, jmespath, botocore, s3transfer, boto3, idna, chardet, certifi, urllib3, pycparser, cffi, cryptography, pyOpenSSL, requests, simple-salesforce, uWSGI, coverage, django-constance, django-picklefield, sqlparse, django-debug-toolbar, billiard, vine, amqp, zipp, importlib-metadata, kombu, pycurl, celery, numpy, pandas
Attempting uninstall: mysqlclient
Found existing installation: mysqlclient 1.4.6
Uninstalling mysqlclient-1.4.6:
Successfully uninstalled mysqlclient-1.4.6
Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-record-bkyts6bw/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/include/site/python3.7/mysqlclient
cwd: /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/
Complete output (73 lines):
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb
creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/MySQLdb/constants
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
gcc -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.19/include/mysql -I/Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/_mysql.o
_mysql.c:252:6: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
s = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(item);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:282:6: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
s = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(item);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:571:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(ca, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:572:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(capath, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:573:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(cert, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:574:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(key, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:575:3: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
_stringsuck(cipher, value, ssl);
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:560:16: note: expanded from macro '_stringsuck'
if(t){d=PyUnicode_AsUTF8(t);ssl_keepref[n_ssl_keepref++]=t;}\
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
_mysql.c:1894:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'my_bool'
my_bool recon = reconnect;
^
_mysql.c:1895:58: error: use of undeclared identifier 'recon'
mysql_options(&self->connection, MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT, &recon);
^
_mysql.c:2589:8: warning: assigning to 'char *' from 'const char *' discards qualifiers [-Wincompatible-pointer-types-discards-qualifiers]
cname = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
8 warnings and 2 errors generated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
Rolling back uninstall of mysqlclient
Moving to /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/
from /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/lib/python3.7/site-packages/~ySQLdb
Moving to /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mysqlclient-1.4.6.dist-info/
from /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/lib/python3.7/site-packages/~ysqlclient-1.4.6.dist-info
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-install-cqm_deut/mysqlclient/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/sn/8nl8mzqx7dsf8kp382nw3ln00000gn/T/pip-record-bkyts6bw/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Users/home/Development/HyTrust/vitals_analytics/venv-vitals/include/site/python3.7/mysqlclient Check the logs for full command output.
奇怪的是，pip install mysqlclient现在可以正常工作了，但是pip install -r requirements.txt仍然会产生上述与mysqlclient有关的错误。
在网上有更多建议之后，我尝试了以下操作：
重新安装openssl。
添加：
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1g/lib"和
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/Cellar/openssl@1.1/1.1.1g/include"
给我的~/.bash_profile。
将mysql的bin和openssl的bin添加到$ PATH：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.19/bin
export PATH=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/bin:$PATH
（在.bash_profile中）。另外，我添加了
export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib
brew install mysql-connector-c －由于某种原因，它会安装mysql-client。
取消链接并重新链接mysql。
创建一个新的virtualenv。
尽管人们声称其中至少有一个对他们有用，但是这些似乎都没有改变错误的输出。
“使用未声明的标识符”使我相信我缺少一些C头文件，这些文件在include中被忽略，但是我不确定为什么会发生这种情况，除非我缺少依赖项。
我缺少某种依赖吗？它是GCC错误吗？对OpenSSL，MySQL或MacOS（对Catalina而言）的最新更新是否改变了人们以前的解决方案的有效性？
如有必要，我可以提供更多详细信息。希望有人能对此有所启发。谢谢！