已在CentOS 7 + MariaDB 10.2中解决

Question

我正在构建一个django应用程序，我需要配置mysql。我正在尝试安装mysqlclient模块进行sql连接，这就是我正在尝试的

pip install mysqlclient --no-cache-dir

它让我跟踪错误。链接到gcc库时抛出错误。

Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading mysqlclient-1.3.12.tar.gz (89kB)
    100% |################################| 92kB 4.0MB/s 
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    Complete output from command /home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-6m2TNP/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-WFoARo-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/include/site/python2.7/mysqlclient:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/compat.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building '_mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,3,12,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.12 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o
    In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:6:0,
                     from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8,
                     from _mysql.c:32:
    /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig-64.h:1188:0: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
     #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:25:0,
                     from /usr/include/mysql/mysql.h:38,
                     from _mysql.c:29:
    /usr/include/features.h:168:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
     # define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:6:0,
                     from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8,
                     from _mysql.c:32:
    /usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig-64.h:1210:0: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
     #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
     ^
    In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:25:0,
                     from /usr/include/mysql/mysql.h:38,
                     from _mysql.c:29:
    /usr/include/features.h:170:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
     # define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700
     ^
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-z,relro build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/lib64 -lmariadb -lpthread -lz -ldl -lm -lssl -lcrypto -lpython2.7 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.so
    /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lmariadb
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/bin/python2 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-6m2TNP/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-WFoARo-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/admin/awx.varadev.com/awxenv/include/site/python2.7/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-6m2TNP/mysqlclient/

这是用于链接mysql库文件的gcc默认功能吗？我已经搜索了这个，它显示gcc需要作为 .so 文件，我需要符号链接到某个位置。我在我的服务器上运行mariadb 10.9我在我的系统中没有找到任何这样的文件。

Answer 1

已在CentOS 7 + MariaDB 10.2中解决

我遇到了同样的问题，并且我想用我的答案做出贡献。我刚刚在运行带有MariaDB的CentOS 7的2台服务器中安装了（10.2.14-MariaDB MariaDB服务器）

$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is XXXX
Server version: 10.2.14-MariaDB MariaDB Server

我已经安装了MariaDB，该软件包：

$ yum list installed | grep mariadb
MariaDB-client.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
MariaDB-common.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
MariaDB-compat.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
MariaDB-server.x86_64                   10.3.13-1.el7.centos           @mariadb
galera.x86_64                           25.3.25-1.rhel7.el7.centos     @mariadb

我发现问题是mysqlclient需要mysql-devel软件包，这与mariadb-devel不同。 不要安装mariadb-devel！

因此，要仅安装mysql-devel，您需要：

1。删除任何MariaDB开发版本

$ sudo yum erase MariaDB-devel.x86_64

2。在yum中添加MySQL存储库

转到https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/并为您的CentOS选择RPM文件（对我来说，我选择“ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7（架构独立），RPM软件包” 。单击“下载” 。）
无需注册即可下载，复制底部链接“不，谢谢，只需开始下载” 。
转到您的终端并输入：

$ wget link-to-rpm-you-choose

下载完成后，键入：

$ sudo rpm -Uvh your-rpm-downloaded

3。现在，安装mysql-devel

类型（这是我的版本，请观看您的版本）：

$ sudo yum install mysql-community-devel.x86_64

4。现在，最后：mysqlclient

类型：

$  sudo pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
  Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f4/f1/3bb6f64ca7a429729413e6556b7ba5976df06019a5245a43d36032f1061e/mysqlclient-1.4.2.post1.tar.gz (85kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 758kB/s
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
  Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... done
Successfully installed mysqlclient-1.4.2.post1
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 19.0.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

就这样！它像一个魅力一样工作，现在我可以使用Python + Django + MariaDB / MySQL

哦，mysqlclient是Django推荐的连接器。参见：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/databases/#mysql-db-api-drivers

祝你好运，再见！：-）

Answer 2

抱怨无法找到mariadb libs。运行以下命令以找出原因：

ld -lmariadb --verbose

这应该具体告诉你gcc缺少什么。

我的猜测是你缺少一些MySQL开发头文件。使用以下命令安装它们：

debian / ubuntu: sudo apt-get install python-dev libmysqlclient-dev
redhat / centos: sudo yum install python-devel mysql-devel

更新：它确实缺少MariaDB共享库。我想在CentOS上，这应该照顾它：

sudo yum install MariaDB-devel

最终更新：只需使用PyMySQL - 纯python，不需要头文件，不需要跳过这些类型的箍。

Answer 3

使用ssh客户端打开终端或登录工作站/ laptop / dev-server。以root用户身份键入以下命令yum命令：

# yum install mysql
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.wiredtree.com
 * extras: mirrors.serveraxis.net
 * updates: bay.uchicago.edu
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package         Arch             Version                  Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql           x86_64           5.1.71-1.el6             base           893 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 893 k
Installed size: 2.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                            | 893 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64                                    1/1 
  Verifying  : mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64                                    1/1 

Installed:
  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6                                                   

Complete!

mysql客户端的基本语法是：

mysql -u USER-NAME-HERE -h MYSQL-DB-SERVER-IP-ADDRESS-HERE -p DB-NAME
mysql -u nixcraft -h server1.cyberciti.biz -p salesdata

Answer 4

我在https://github.com/r-dbi/RMySQL/issues/197找到了这个解决方案：

我认为这是该自定义MariaDB存储库中的错误。他们的包MariaDB-devel-10.2.6-1.fc25.x86_64仅包含一个名为：

的库

/usr/lib64/libmariadbclient.a

但是他们的pkg-config会产生另一个名称：

> pkg-config --libs mariadb
    -lmariadb

您最好在该回购协议的维护者那里提出这个建议。一种解决方法是将libmariadbclient.a链接到libmariadb.a：

sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/libmariadbclient.a /usr/lib64/libmariadb.a

这可以修复安装。

因此，基本上要在Python 3.6和CentOS 7中安装mysqlclient，您需要运行：

sudo yum install -y python36-devel mysql-devel gcc

sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/libmariadbclient.a /usr/lib64/libmariadb.a

pip install mysqlclient

Answer 5

最适合我的解决方案是：

yum install python-devel mysql-devel

然后使用pip安装mysqlclient

pip install mysqlclient

无法在centos上安装mysqlclient

5 个答案:

已在CentOS 7 + MariaDB 10.2中解决

1。删除任何MariaDB开发版本

2。在yum中添加MySQL存储库

3。现在，安装mysql-devel

4。现在，最后：mysqlclient

就这样！它像一个魅力一样工作，现在我可以使用Python + Django + MariaDB / MySQL