首先是一些背景故事。我有一个基本视图，我的应用程序的三个主要视图扩展。子视图是空的，模拟的和数字的。我将这些子视图放入gridview（2x3）并将gridview放入一个滑动绘图中。这个滑动抽屉是我的应用程序的关键。这是绝对必要的。滑动抽屉必须在每个活动中，所以在活动发生变化时，我只是将状态存储在应用程序中，并在新活动加载时检索它。
当应用程序打开时，gridview会创建六个空视图并将其添加到其适配器。现在，虽然所有视图都是空的，但应用程序可以完美运行。我可以浏览活动并完成应用程序的所有其他功能。虽然我保持同样的活动，但我可以为我的心灵内容创建模拟和数字视图。他们正确地移动，删除和完成所有功能。但是当我转到另一个活动 AND 时，我在gridview中甚至有一个模拟或数字视图，该应用程序通过OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM Budget崩溃。
模拟和数字视图都为自己创建了两个位图。一个是视图的背景，另一个是视图的独特外观，它很少变化，更适合作为位图。两个位图都相当小（在我的测试Evo上为221x221像素）。这让我觉得我没有在活动变化上正确回收它们。所以我回去检查一切都被清理干净并制作了一个完全破坏每个视图的方法。每个变量都设置为null，并且当活动暂停时，所有位图都会被回收。 （注意：使用记录器，我确认正在调用onPause以及我的destroy方法。）
现在 - 几天后 - 我仍然无法弄清楚为什么会抛出这个内存错误。我花了不少时间查看DDMS和Memory Tracker，这很可能是最无用的东西。我完全厌倦了DDMS，我无法告诉我任何有用的东西是愚蠢的。
所以现在问题。有没有办法（方法/系统调用或其他东西），我可以得到一个过程的分配的完整列表（我的应用程序）和打印/显示/保存到文件/等...它？
编辑1 ：这是对Falmarri的回应。我可能会发布一点点，我为此道歉。如果您想查看更具体的内容，我非常乐意提供帮助，您没有理由撕过我的代码。
剪辑来自BaseView：
public abstract class GaugeBase extends View implements BroadcastListener {
protected static final String TAG = "GaugeBase";
// =======================================
// --- Declarations
/** Animation dynamics. */
protected float mTarget = 0, position = 0, velocity = 0.0f, acceleration = 0.0f;
protected long lastMoveTime = -1L;
/** Background objects. */
protected Bitmap mBackground;
protected Bitmap mFaceTexture;
protected float borderSize = 0.02f;
/** Face objects. */
protected Paint mRimShadowPaint, mTitlePaint, mFacePaint, mRimPaint, mRimBorderPaint;
protected Path mTitlePath;
/** Bounding rects. */
protected static RectF mRimRect, mFaceRect;
/** Text tools. */
protected static Typeface mTypeface;
/** The preferred size of the widget. */
private static final int mPreferredSize = 300;
/** The Broadcaster the gauge is registered to. */
protected SensorBroadcaster mCaster;
/** Is the view instantiated? */
private boolean isDestroyed = true;
// ---
// =======================================
public GaugeBase(Context context) {
super(context);
mCaster = ((AppionApplication)getContext().getApplicationContext())
.getSensorBroadcaster(AppionApplication.TEST_SENSOR);
lastMoveTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
setTarget(mCaster.getReading());
}
@Override protected void onAttachedToWindow() { super.onAttachedToWindow(); }
@Override protected void onDetachedFromWindow() { super.onDetachedFromWindow(); }
@Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { regenerate(); }
@Override public void onBroadcastReceived() { setTarget(mCaster.getReading()); }
@Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int chosenWidth = chooseDimension(widthMode, widthSize);
int chosenHeight = chooseDimension(heightMode, heightSize);
int chosenDimension = Math.min(chosenWidth, chosenHeight);
setMeasuredDimension(chosenDimension, chosenDimension);
}
@Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
if (isDestroyed) return;
if (mBackground == null) regenerate();
canvas.drawBitmap(mBackground, 0, 0, null);
canvas.save(Canvas.MATRIX_SAVE_FLAG);
canvas.scale((float)getWidth(), (float)getWidth());
drawForeground(canvas); canvas.restore(); animate();
}
public HashMap<String, Object> onSavePersistentState() {
HashMap<String, Object> mState = new HashMap<String, Object>();
mState.put("sensor_broadcaster", mCaster.getBroadcasterName());
mState.put("type", this.getClass().getSimpleName());
return mState;
}
public void onRestorePersistentState(HashMap<String, Object> state) {
mCaster = ((AppionApplication)getContext().getApplicationContext())
.getSensorBroadcaster((String)state.get("sensor_broadcaster"));
}
private final void setTarget(float target) { mTarget = target; animate(); }
private static final int chooseDimension(int mode, int size) {
if (mode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || mode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) return size;
else return mPreferredSize;
}
private final void animate() {
if (! (Math.abs(position - mTarget) > 0.01f)) return;
if (lastMoveTime != -1L) {
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
float delta = (currentTime - lastMoveTime) / 1000.0f;
float direction = Math.signum(velocity);
if (Math.abs(velocity) < 90.0f) acceleration = 10.0f * (mTarget - position);
else acceleration = 0.0f;
position += velocity * delta;
velocity += acceleration * delta;
if ((mTarget - position) * direction < 0.01f * direction) {
position = mTarget;
velocity = 0.0f;
acceleration = 0.0f;
lastMoveTime = -1L;
} else lastMoveTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
invalidate();
} else {
lastMoveTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
animate();
}
}
public void preInit() {
mTypeface = Typeface.createFromAsset(getContext().getAssets(),
"fonts/SFDigitalReadout-Heavy.ttf");
mFaceTexture = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getContext().getResources(),
R.drawable.gauge_face);
BitmapShader shader = new BitmapShader(mFaceTexture,
Shader.TileMode.MIRROR, Shader.TileMode.MIRROR);
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
mRimRect = new RectF(0.05f, 0.05f, 0.95f, 0.95f);
mFaceRect = new RectF(mRimRect.left + borderSize, mRimRect.top + borderSize,
mRimRect.right - borderSize, mRimRect.bottom - borderSize);
mFacePaint = new Paint();
mFacePaint.setFilterBitmap(true);
matrix.setScale(1.0f / mFaceTexture.getWidth(), 1.0f / mFaceTexture.getHeight());
shader.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
mFacePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mFacePaint.setShader(shader);
mRimShadowPaint = new Paint();
mRimShadowPaint.setShader(new RadialGradient(0.5f, 0.5f, mFaceRect.width() / 2.0f,
new int[] { 0x00000000, 0x00000500, 0x50000500 },
new float[] { 0.96f, 0.96f, 0.99f },
Shader.TileMode.MIRROR));
mRimShadowPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mRimPaint = new Paint();
mRimPaint.setFlags(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mRimPaint.setShader(new LinearGradient(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.0f,
Color.rgb(0xff0, 0xf5, 0xf0), Color.rgb(0x30, 0x31, 0x30),
Shader.TileMode.CLAMP));
mRimBorderPaint = new Paint();
mRimBorderPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mRimBorderPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
mRimBorderPaint.setColor(Color.argb(0x4f, 0x33, 0x36, 0x33));
mRimBorderPaint.setStrokeWidth(0.005f);
mTitlePaint = new Paint();
mTitlePaint.setColor(0xff000000);
mTitlePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mTitlePaint.setTypeface(mTypeface);
mTitlePaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
mTitlePaint.setTextSize(0.2f);
mTitlePaint.setTextScaleX(0.8f);
// Now we prepare the gauge
init();
isDestroyed = false;
}
/** Update the gauge independent static buffer cache for the background. */
private void regenerate() {
if (isDestroyed) return;
if(mBackground != null) { mBackground.recycle(); mBackground = null; }
// Our new drawing area
mBackground = Bitmap.createBitmap(getWidth(), getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas backCanvas = new Canvas(mBackground);
float scale = (float)getWidth();
backCanvas.scale(scale, scale);
drawRim(backCanvas);
drawFace(backCanvas);
drawTitle(backCanvas);
if (!(this instanceof EmptySpace)) { mCaster.getGroup().draw(backCanvas); }
regenerateBackground(backCanvas);
}
/** Prepare the view to be cleaned up. This is called to prevent memory leaks. */
public void destroy() {
isDestroyed = true;
if (mFaceTexture != null) { mFaceTexture.recycle(); mBackground = null; }
if (mBackground != null) { mBackground.recycle(); mBackground = null; }
mRimShadowPaint = null;
mRimShadowPaint = null;
mFacePaint = null;
mRimPaint = null;
mRimBorderPaint = null;
mTitlePath = null;
mRimRect = null; mFaceRect = null;
mTypeface = null;
destroyDrawingCache();
}
/**
* Create a bitmap of the gauge. The bitmap is to scale.
* @return The bitmap of the gauge.
*/
int tobitmap = 0;
public Bitmap toBitmap() {
Bitmap b = Bitmap.createBitmap(getWidth(), getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas();
canvas.setBitmap(b);
draw(canvas);
return b;
}
/** Update the gauge dependent static buffer cache for the background. */
protected abstract void regenerateBackground(Canvas canvas);
/** Initializes all of the objects the gauge widget will need before use. */
protected abstract void init();
/** This is called when drawing the background. Draws the bordered edge of the gauge. */
protected abstract void drawRim(Canvas canvas);
/** This is called when drawing the background. Draws the face of the gauge. */
protected abstract void drawFace(Canvas canvas);
/** This is called when drawing the background. Draws the title to the gauge. */
protected abstract void drawTitle(Canvas canvas);
/**
* This is called when drawing the foreground. The foreground includes items like the
* scale of an analog gauge, or the text of a digital gauge. Also any other necessary
* items that need drawing go here. Note: drawForeground is called quickly, repeatedly,
* make it run fast and clean.
*/
protected abstract void drawForeground(Canvas canvas);
}
这是来自数字视图:(因为它更小并仍然导致错误）
public class DigitalGauge extends GaugeBase {
// ================================
// --- Drawing tools
private RectF lcdRect;
private Paint lcdPaint, detailPaint;
private Path facePath, borderPath;
// ---
// ================================
public DigitalGauge(Context context) {
super(context);
}
@Override protected void regenerateBackground(Canvas canvas) { }
@Override protected void init() {
lcdPaint = new Paint();
lcdPaint.setColor(0xff000000);
lcdPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
lcdPaint.setStrokeWidth(0.005f);
lcdPaint.setTextSize(0.4f);
lcdPaint.setTypeface(mTypeface);
lcdPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
detailPaint = new Paint();
detailPaint.setColor(0xff000000);
detailPaint.setTextSize(0.2f);
detailPaint.setStrokeWidth(0.005f);
detailPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
detailPaint.setTypeface(mTypeface);
detailPaint.setTextScaleX(0.8f);
detailPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
facePath = new Path();
facePath.moveTo(0.12f, 0.0f);
facePath.lineTo(0.88f, 0.0f);
facePath.arcTo(new RectF(), 0, 90);
// TODO Make the trapazoidal look of the digital gauge
lcdRect = new RectF(mFaceRect.left + borderSize, mFaceRect.top + borderSize,
mFaceRect.right - borderSize, mFaceRect.top - borderSize - lcdPaint.getTextSize());
}
@Override protected void drawRim(Canvas canvas) {
canvas.drawRect(mRimRect, mRimPaint);
canvas.drawRect(mRimRect, mRimBorderPaint);
}
@Override protected void drawFace(Canvas canvas) {
canvas.drawRect(mFaceRect, mFacePaint);
canvas.drawRect(mFaceRect, mRimBorderPaint);
}
@Override protected void drawTitle(Canvas canvas) {
canvas.drawText(mCaster.getBroadcasterSerial(), mFaceRect.left - 0.1f,
mFaceRect.top + 0.1f, mTitlePaint);
}
@Override protected void drawForeground(Canvas canvas) {
String display = "000000" + String.valueOf(Math.ceil(position));
String read = display.substring(display.length()-8, display.length() - 2);
canvas.drawText(read, 0.5f, lcdRect.top + lcdPaint.getTextSize() / 2, lcdPaint);
/**canvas.drawText(mContext.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.pressureTypes)[measurement],
0.5f, lcdRect.top + lcdPaint.getTextSize() , detailPaint);*/
}
}
对于通过应用程序的状态，我将视图的类型和脚本名称放在一个hashmap中。我将该hashmap传递给gridview，然后将所有六个映射放入一个数组中，该数组将表示gridview中视图的位置。然后将该数组保存在应用程序中并根据需要进行检索。
这是gridview。我想的越多，这个课程就是我认为可能存在的问题。
public class Workbench extends GridView {
/** Our debugging tag */
private static final String TAG = "Workbench";
/** Name of the Workbench. */
private String mId = "-1";
/** The title of the Workbench. */
private String mTitle = "Workbench";
/** The list of Widgets that will be handled by the bench */
private GaugeBase[] mContent = new GaugeBase[6];
/** The current selection from the bench */
private int mSelection = -1;
/** When a GaugeBase is moves we want to remove from the adapter. Now we won't lose it.*/
private GaugeBase mHeldGaugeBase = null;
private Bitmap mHold = null;
private boolean mIsHolding = false;
private float x = -1000f, y = -1000f; // Where the held bitmap should be
private Bitmap trash;
private RectF trashBox;
// The touch listener we will use if we need to move a widget around
private OnTouchListener mWidgetExchanger = new OnTouchListener() {
@Override public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent e) {
int w = getWidth(); int h = getHeight();
float xx = e.getX(); float yy = e.getY();
switch (e.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: // Fall through
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
if (mIsHolding) {
x = e.getX() - mHold.getWidth()/2; y = e.getY() - mHold.getHeight()/2;
postInvalidate(); break;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
if (mIsHolding) {
if (trashBox.contains(xx, yy)) removeGaugeBase(mSelection);
else {
if ((xx < w / 2) && (yy < h /3)) makeSwitch(0);
else if ((xx > w / 2) && (yy < h /3)) makeSwitch(1);
else if ((xx < w / 2) && (yy > h /3) && (yy < h * .666)) makeSwitch(2);
else if ((xx > w / 2) && (yy > h /3) && (yy < h * .666)) makeSwitch(3);
else if ((xx < w / 2) && (yy > h *.666)) makeSwitch(4);
else if ((xx > w / 2) && (yy > h *.666)) makeSwitch(5);
}
mSelection = -1;
//mHeldGaugeBase.destroy(); mHeldGaugeBase = null;
mHold.recycle(); mHold = null;
trash.recycle(); trash = null;
mIsHolding = false;
setOnTouchListener(null);
x = -1000f; y = -1000f;
((AppionApplication)getContext().getApplicationContext()).vibrate(200); update();
}
break;
}
return true;
}
};
public Workbench(Context context) { this(context, null); }
public Workbench(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); }
public Workbench(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
for (int i = 0; i < mContent.length; i++) {
mContent[i] = new EmptySpace(getContext());
}
setAdapter(new BenchAdapter());
this.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
@Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View view, final int pos, long arg3) {
if (mContent[pos] instanceof EmptySpace) {
CharSequence[] items = {"Analog", "Digital"};
AlertDialog.Builder adb = new AlertDialog.Builder(getContext());
adb.setTitle("Add a widget?")
.setItems(items, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener () {
@Override public void onClick(DialogInterface arg0, int position) {
mContent[pos].destroy();
mContent[pos] = null;
SensorBroadcaster s = ((AppionApplication)getContext().getApplicationContext()).
getSensorBroadcaster(AppionApplication.TEST_SENSOR);
switch (position) {
case 0: // Add an Analog GaugeBase to the Workbench
mContent[pos] = new AnalogGauge(getContext());
// TODO: Option to link to a manager
break;
case 1: // Add a digital GaugeBase to the Workbench
mContent[pos] = new DigitalGauge(getContext());
// TODO: Option to link to a manager
break;
} mContent[pos].preInit();
update();
}
});
adb.show();
} //else new GaugeBaseDialog(getContext(), Workbench.this, (GaugeBase)view, pos).show();
}
});
setOnItemLongClickListener(new OnItemLongClickListener() {
@Override public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1,
int pos, long arg3) {
mSelection = pos;
mHold = mContent[pos].toBitmap();
mHeldGaugeBase = mContent[pos];
mHeldGaugeBase.destroy();
trash = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getContext().getResources(),
R.drawable.trash), getWidth() / 10, getHeight() / 10, true);
trashBox = new RectF(getWidth() / 2 - trash.getWidth()/2, getHeight() - trash.getHeight(),
getWidth() /2 + trash.getWidth() /2, getHeight());
mContent[pos] = new EmptySpace(getContext());
update();
mIsHolding = true;
setOnTouchListener(mWidgetExchanger);
((AppionApplication)getContext().getApplicationContext()).vibrate(300);
return false;
}
});
}
/**
* Perform a switch in within the bench. Exchange on slot with another.
* @param slot The slot of the widgets list that we are switching to.
*/
public void makeSwitch(int slot) {
if (mSelection == -1) return;
Log.i(TAG, "Performing a Widget switch");
mContent[mSelection].destroy();
mContent[mSelection] = mContent[slot];
mContent[slot] = mHeldGaugeBase;
mContent[slot].preInit();
mContent[slot].invalidate();
Log.d(TAG, " mSelection = " + mContent[mSelection] + " slot = " +mContent[slot]);
update();
}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我建议你看看this Video。 它在很多方面帮助了我，我也遇到了Bitmap大小和内存预算的问题。
根据我的经验：我养成了在.recycle（）之后到处调用System.gc（）的坏习惯。我知道这不好，但它帮助我防止这种强制关闭，经过数小时的调试后我的位图无法正常回收。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
这是对@mah的回应，但评论时间太长了。
总是以倍数执行 系统页面大小
这不一定是真的。特别是与Android应用程序。有许多不同的内存分配器具有不同的语义。但是，假设您正在谈论 JAVA ，而不是NDK（C ++），那么透明度就会降低。 Java的虚拟机（或者更确切地说，dalvik）几乎肯定会在机器启动时过度分配内存，然后当应用程序请求少量内存时，它会从该池中提供给你。
如果它从池中耗尽内存，它将从操作系统中分配另一个块并将其添加到其池中并从那里返回一个块。
但是，如果您要求LARGE内存块（例如您想要的位图），JVM（或dalvik机器）很可能会使用系统的mmap方法，该方法会映射一部分内存。根据具体情况，它可以执行私人匿名地图，然后让您访问其中的部分内容。或者，它可以将文件映射到内存中，该内存基本上是磁盘上内容的内存视图。这可能是dalvic处理大型位图分配的方式。
完全做了一个方法 破坏了每个视图
首先，你真的无法直接控制java中的内容。将对象设置为null不会将其删除。即使您假设您只有一个对该对象的引用，您也必须等到垃圾收集器清理对象的数据。
真的不可能告诉你你的问题是什么，或者甚至是暗示。我真正可以说的是，你可能在比你更多的地方为你的位图分配空间。或者你在他们没有被清理的地方持有他们的引用。
我只是将状态存储在 应用程序并在检索时检索它 新活动加载。
这很模糊，但我先看看你在做什么。例如，如果您将位图作为可解析对象传递，则可能根据需要分配3-4倍的空间。通过可分析的接口发送大型自定义对象和位图非常昂贵。
我会建议一些事情。你可以懒得加载你的位图。也就是说，不要将它们存储在任何地方。只在需要时将它们拉起来。这可能是一个解决方案，因为它可能是您认为自己超越编译器的情况。但我保证编译器比有效内存使用更智能。
-
或者，你可以尝试相反的方法并且只在应用程序加载时加载位图，并确保每次显示它时，你都不会创建新的位图或任何东西。这样，它只会在记忆中出现一次，如果真的太大，你就会早早地在一个已知的地方崩溃。
-
最后，如果你真的找不到解决方案，并且你真的认为你的java进程真的内存不足，你可以重新编写处理NDK中位图视图的部分。这样，如果没有明确地执行它们，它们将不会被垃圾收集和重新创建。
-
所以现在问题。有办法吗？ （方法/系统调用或其他） 我可以得到完整的清单 进程的分配（我的应用程序）和 打印/显示/保存到文件/ 等......它？
我确信有。但是，这是一个很大但是，它不会通过任何方式容易。您可能需要做的是用跟踪谁请求内存的版本替换系统的glibc（即具体的malloc函数）。但是，即使这样也会被java虚拟机混淆。
长话短说，发布一些代码，特别是你操作并保存视图和位图的部分。
<强>更新：
只是看一下你的代码，我会检查调用regenerate()的频率，特别是因为这个：
mBackground = Bitmap.createBitmap(getWidth(), getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas backCanvas = new Canvas(mBackground);
我不是java位图内存管理方面的专家，但我的猜测是昂贵的。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
你可以查看/ proc / self / maps（在进程中）或/ proc / [进程id] / maps，但这不太可能告诉你你想要什么，也没有系统调用。当您在进程中分配内存时，它总是以系统页面大小的倍数（4kb，可能更多）执行，即使您只分配了1个字节 - 但它随后变为内部管理。在从系统收到更多内存之前，未来的分配来自该块。