使用css3的SVG投影

Question

是否可以使用css3为svg元素设置投影，类似

box-shadow: -5px -5px 5px #888;
-webkit-box-shadow: -5px -5px 5px #888;

我看到了一些关于使用滤镜效果创建阴影的评论。有一个单独使用css的例子。下面是一个工作代码，其中正确应用了cusor样式，但没有阴影效果。请帮我用最少的代码来获得阴影效果。

svg .shadow { 
  cursor:crosshair; 
  -moz-box-shadow: -5px -5px 5px #888;
  -webkit-box-shadow: -5px -5px 5px #888;
  box-shadow: -5px -5px 5px #888; 
}	

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" baseProfile="full"  viewBox="0 0 120 70">	
    <rect class="shadow" x="10" y="10" width="100" height="50" fill="#c66" />
</svg>

Answer 1

使用 new CSS filter属性。

Supported by webkit browsers，Firefox 34+和Edge。

您可以使用支持FF＆lt;的polyfill 34，IE6 +。

你会像这样使用它：

/* Use -webkit- only if supporting: Chrome < 54, iOS < 9.3, Android < 4.4.4 */

.shadow {
  -webkit-filter: drop-shadow( 3px 3px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .7));
  filter: drop-shadow( 3px 3px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .7));
  /* Similar syntax to box-shadow */
}

<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Star_wars2.svg" alt="" class="shadow" width="200">

<!-- Or -->

<svg class="shadow" ...>
    <rect x="10" y="10" width="200" height="100" fill="#bada55" />
</svg>

这种方法与box-shadow效果的不同之处在于它考虑了不透明度，并且不会将阴影效果应用于框，而是应用于svg元素本身的角落。

请注意：此方法仅在将课程单独放在<svg>元素上时才有效。你可以 NOT 在内联svg元素上使用它，例如<rect>。

<!-- This will NOT work! -->
<svg><rect class="shadow" ... /></svg>

详细了解html5rocks上的css过滤器。

Answer 2

这是使用'filter'属性将drophadow应用于某个svg的example。如果要控制阴影的不透明度，请查看this example。 slope属性控制为阴影提供多少不透明度。

示例中的相关位：

<filter id="dropshadow" height="130%">
  <feGaussianBlur in="SourceAlpha" stdDeviation="3"/> <!-- stdDeviation is how much to blur -->
  <feOffset dx="2" dy="2" result="offsetblur"/> <!-- how much to offset -->
  <feComponentTransfer>
    <feFuncA type="linear" slope="0.5"/> <!-- slope is the opacity of the shadow -->
  </feComponentTransfer>
  <feMerge> 
    <feMergeNode/> <!-- this contains the offset blurred image -->
    <feMergeNode in="SourceGraphic"/> <!-- this contains the element that the filter is applied to -->
  </feMerge>
</filter>
<circle r="10" style="filter:url(#dropshadow)"/>

Box-shadow被定义为在CSS框上工作（读取：矩形），而svg比矩形更具表现力。阅读SVG Primer以了解有关使用SVG过滤器可以做些什么的更多信息。

Answer 3

所以，正如Lorenzo Polidori所接受的答案的埋藏评论中所提到的，Chrome中最适合我的选项（我相信其他Webkit浏览器）是：

-webkit-svg-shadow: 0 0 7px #53BE12;

Answer 4

我找到的最简单的方法是使用feDropShadow。我永远不会回过头来使用那些我不理解的难以置信的过滤器标签名称。

<filter id="shadow" x="0" y="0" width="200%" height="200%">
  <feDropShadow dx="40" dy="40" stdDeviation="35" flood-color="#ff0000" flood-opacity="1" />
</filter>

Answer 5

您可以使用drop-shadow（）CSS函数和rgba颜色值轻松地将阴影效果添加到svg元素中。通过使用rgba颜色值，您可以更改阴影的不透明度。

img.light-shadow{
  filter: drop-shadow(0px 3px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4));
}

img.dark-shadow{
  filter: drop-shadow(0px 3px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1));
}

<img class="light-shadow" src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/company/img/logos/so/so-logo.svg" />
<img class="dark-shadow" src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/company/img/logos/so/so-logo.svg" />

Answer 6

我不知道只有CSS的解决方案。

正如您所提到的，过滤器是在SVG中创建投影效果的规范方法。 SVG规范包含了一个例子。

Answer 7

带有白色阴影的黑色文本

另一种方法是，我使用白色阴影（在文本上）：为阴影创建克隆：

Nota ：这需要在SVG声明中使用xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"。

真实文本位于<defs>部分，具有位置，样式，但没有fill定义。

真实测试被克隆了两次：第一次是阴影，第二次是文本本人。

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="640" height="70"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <defs>
  <filter id="Blur"><feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="0.8" /></filter>
  <text style="font-family:sans,helvetica;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt"
      id="Text"><tspan x="12" y="19">
        Black text with white shadow
    </tspan></text>
  </defs>
  <rect style="fill:#8AB" width="640" height="70" />
  <use style="fill:white;" filter="url(#Blur)" xlink:href="#Text"
      transform="translate(1.8,.9)"/>
  <use style="fill:black;" xlink:href="#Text"/>
</svg>

与图片相同

有相同的要求： 在<defs>部分没有填充定义 ！

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="364" height="172"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <defs>
    <filter id="Blur"><feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="0.8" /></filter>
    <g transform="matrix(.7,0,0,.7,-117.450795,-335.320895)" id="Img">
        <g transform="matrix(12.997776,0,0,-12.997776,389.30313,662.04015)">
            <path d="m 0,0 -1.107,0 c -0.039,0 -0.067,0.044 -0.067,0.086 0,0.015 0.589,1.914 0.589,1.914 0.021,0.071 0.023,0.073 0.031,0.073 l 0.001,0 c 0.009,0 0.01,-0.002 0.031,-0.073 0,0 0.589,-1.899 0.589,-1.914 C 0.067,0.044 0.037,0 0,0 M 1.493,4.345 C 1.482,4.383 1.448,4.411 1.408,4.414 l -4.065,0 C -2.698,4.41 -2.731,4.383 -2.742,4.346 c 0,0 -2.247,-7.418 -2.247,-7.432 0,-0.037 0.029,-0.067 0.067,-0.067 l 2.687,0 c 0.021,0.008 0.037,0.028 0.042,0.051 l 0.313,1 c 0.01,0.025 0.033,0.042 0.061,0.043 l 2.479,0.002 c 0.027,-0.002 0.051,-0.021 0.061,-0.045 l 0.32,-1 c 0.005,-0.023 0.021,-0.044 0.042,-0.052 0,0 2.642,10e-4 2.644,10e-4 0.037,0 0.068,0.028 0.068,0.065 0,0.013 -2.302,7.433 -2.302,7.433" />
        </g>
        <g transform="matrix(12.997776,0,0,-12.997776,508.27177,644.93113)">
            <path d="m 0,0 -1.651,-0.001 c 0,0 -0.044,0.013 -0.044,0.063 l -10e-4,0.833 c 0,0.05 0.044,0.063 0.044,0.063 l 1.514,0 C 0.038,0.958 0.394,0.87 0.394,0.463 0.394,0.056 0,0 0,0 m 7.916,0.645 3.741,0 0,2.453 -4.81,0 C 6.397,3.098 5.764,2.866 5.401,2.597 5.038,2.328 4.513,1.715 4.513,0.87 c 0,-0.845 0.513,-1.502 0.513,-1.502 0.263,-0.326 0.925,-1.005 0.925,-1.005 0.015,-0.016 0.024,-0.037 0.024,-0.061 0,-0.051 -0.041,-0.092 -0.092,-0.092 l -3.705,0 c -0.451,0.002 -0.482,0.181 -0.482,0.207 0,0.046 0.056,0.075 0.056,0.075 0.169,0.081 0.514,0.35 0.514,0.35 0.732,0.57 0.82,1.352 0.82,1.771 0,0.42 -0.063,1.163 -0.814,1.814 C 1.521,3.078 0.57,3.096 0.57,3.096 l -5.287,0 c 0,0 0,-7.52 0,-7.522 0,-0.024 0.022,-0.043 0.046,-0.043 l 2.943,0 0,2.11 c 0,0.037 0.057,0 0.057,0 l 1.533,-1.54 c 0.545,-0.551 1.446,-0.57 1.446,-0.57 l 5.796,0.001 c 0.989,0 1.539,0.538 1.69,0.688 0.15,0.151 0.651,0.714 0.651,1.647 0,0.932 -0.426,1.409 -0.608,1.628 C 8.675,-0.309 8.029,0.375 7.894,0.517 7.878,0.53 7.868,0.55 7.868,0.572 c 0,0.033 0.019,0.064 0.048,0.073" />
        </g>
        <g transform="matrix(12.997776,0,0,-12.997776,306.99861,703.01559)">
            <path d="m 0,0 c 0.02,0 0.034,0.014 0.04,0.036 0,0 2.277,7.479 2.277,7.486 0,0.02 -0.012,0.042 -0.031,0.044 0,0 -2.805,0 -2.807,0 -0.014,0 -0.023,-0.011 -0.026,-0.026 0,-0.001 -0.581,-1.945 -0.581,-1.946 -0.004,-0.016 -0.012,-0.026 -0.026,-0.026 -0.014,0 -0.026,0.014 -0.028,0.026 L -1.79,7.541 c -0.002,0.013 -0.012,0.025 -0.026,0.025 -10e-4,0 -3.1,0.001 -3.1,0.001 -0.009,-0.002 -0.017,-0.01 -0.02,-0.018 0,0 -0.545,-1.954 -0.545,-1.954 -0.003,-0.017 -0.012,-0.027 -0.027,-0.027 -0.013,0 -0.024,0.01 -0.026,0.023 l -0.578,1.952 c -0.001,0.012 -0.011,0.022 -0.023,0.024 l -2.992,0 c -0.024,0 -0.044,-0.02 -0.044,-0.045 0,-0.004 10e-4,-0.012 10e-4,-0.012 0,0 2.31,-7.471 2.311,-7.474 C -6.853,0.014 -6.839,0 -6.819,0 c 0.003,0 2.485,-0.001 2.485,-0.001 0.015,0.002 0.03,0.019 0.034,0.037 10e-4,0 0.865,2.781 0.865,2.781 0.005,0.017 0.012,0.027 0.026,0.027 0.015,0 0.023,-0.012 0.027,-0.026 L -2.539,0.024 C -2.534,0.01 -2.521,0 -2.505,0 -2.503,0 0,0 0,0" />
        </g>
        <g transform="matrix(12.997776,0,0,-12.997776,278.90126,499.03369)">
            <path d="m 0,0 c -0.451,0 -1.083,-0.232 -1.446,-0.501 -0.363,-0.269 -0.888,-0.882 -0.888,-1.727 0,-0.845 0.513,-1.502 0.513,-1.502 0.263,-0.326 0.925,-1.01 0.925,-1.01 0.015,-0.016 0.024,-0.037 0.024,-0.06 0,-0.051 -0.041,-0.093 -0.092,-0.093 -0.008,0 -6.046,0 -6.046,0 l 0,-2.674 7.267,0 c 0.988,0 1.539,0.538 1.69,0.689 0.15,0.15 0.65,0.713 0.65,1.646 0,0.932 -0.425,1.414 -0.607,1.633 -0.162,0.196 -0.808,0.876 -0.943,1.017 -0.016,0.014 -0.026,0.034 -0.026,0.056 0,0.033 0.019,0.063 0.048,0.073 l 3.5,0 0,-5.114 2.691,0 0,5.101 3.267,0 0,2.466 L 0,0 Z" />
        </g>
        <g transform="matrix(12.997776,0,0,-12.997776,583.96822,539.30215)">
            <path d="m 0,0 -1.651,-0.001 c 0,0 -0.044,0.013 -0.044,0.063 l -10e-4,0.833 c 0,0.05 0.044,0.063 0.044,0.063 l 1.514,0 C 0.038,0.958 0.394,0.87 0.394,0.463 0.394,0.056 0,0 0,0 m 2.178,-1.79 c -0.45,0.002 -0.482,0.181 -0.482,0.207 0,0.046 0.056,0.075 0.056,0.075 0.169,0.081 0.514,0.35 0.514,0.35 0.732,0.57 0.82,1.352 0.82,1.771 0,0.42 -0.063,1.163 -0.814,1.814 C 1.521,3.078 0.57,3.098 0.57,3.098 l -5.287,0 c 0,0 0,-7.522 0,-7.524 0,-0.024 0.022,-0.043 0.046,-0.043 0.005,0 2.943,0 2.943,0 l 0,2.109 c 0,0.038 0.057,0 0.057,0 l 1.533,-1.539 c 0.545,-0.551 1.446,-0.57 1.446,-0.57 l 4.525,0 0,2.679 -3.655,0 z" />
        </g>
        <g transform="matrix(12.997776,0,0,-12.997776,466.86346,556.40203)">
            <path d="m 0,0 -1.107,0 c -0.041,0 -0.067,0.044 -0.067,0.086 0,0.016 0.589,1.914 0.589,1.914 0.021,0.071 0.027,0.073 0.031,0.073 l 0.001,0 c 0.004,0 0.01,-0.002 0.031,-0.073 0,0 0.589,-1.898 0.589,-1.914 C 0.067,0.044 0.04,0 0,0 M 1.49,4.347 C 1.479,4.385 1.446,4.412 1.405,4.414 l -4.065,0 C -2.7,4.412 -2.734,4.385 -2.745,4.348 c 0,0 -2.245,-7.42 -2.245,-7.434 0,-0.037 0.03,-0.067 0.067,-0.067 l 2.687,0 c 0.022,0.007 0.038,0.028 0.043,0.051 l 0.313,1.001 c 0.01,0.024 0.033,0.041 0.061,0.042 l 2.478,0 C 0.687,-2.061 0.71,-2.078 0.721,-2.102 l 0.32,-1 c 0.005,-0.023 0.021,-0.044 0.042,-0.052 0,0 2.642,10e-4 2.644,10e-4 0.037,0 0.067,0.028 0.067,0.066 0,0.012 -2.304,7.434 -2.304,7.434" />
        </g>
    </g>
  </defs>
  <rect style="fill:#8AB" width="364" height="172" />
  <use style="fill:white;" filter="url(#Blur)" xlink:href="#Img"
    transform="translate(1.8,.9)"/>
  <use style="fill:black;" xlink:href="#Img"/>
</svg>

Answer 8

可能是一种演变，看来内联CSS过滤器在某种程度上可以很好地在元素上运行。

在svg元素中的类或内联中声明一个阴影式CSS过滤器，如前所述，不有效。

但是，至少在Firefox中，具有以下向导：

在JavaScript加载后内联，内嵌内嵌过滤器声明。

// Does not works, with regular dynamic css styling:

shadow0.onchange = () => {
  rect1.style.filter = "filter:drop-shadow(0 0 " + shadow0.value + "rem black);"
}

// Okay! Inline styling, appending.

shadow1.onchange = () => {
  rect1.style += " ;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 " + shadow1.value + "rem black);"
  rect2.style += " ;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 " + shadow1.value + "rem black);"
}

<h4>
Does not works! 
<input id="shadow0" type="number" min="0" max="100" step="0.1">

 | Okay!
<input id="shadow1" type="number" min="0" max="100" step="0.1">

<svg viewBox="0 0 120 70">  
    <rect id="rect1" x="10" y="10" width="100" height="50" fill="#c66" />
    
    <!-- Inline style declaration does NOT works at svg level, no shadow at loading: -->
    <rect id="rect2" x="40" y="30" width="10" height="10" fill="#aaa" style="filter:drop-shadow(0 0 20rem black)" />
    
</svg>

Answer 9

如果您的 SVG 元素是 <text>，则可以毫无问题地使用 CSS 属性 text-shadow。语法是 text-shadow: color x-offset-px y-offset-px blur-px。