R和rvest进行网络抓取

时间:2020-01-03 14:16:05

标签: r web-scraping rvest

我有一个项目,应该在新闻网站上抓取一系列文章。我对新闻的标题和文字感兴趣。在大多数情况下,该网站维护一个基本URL,例如:

https://www.americanthinker.com /articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html https://tmp.americanthinker.com /blog/2015/01/california_begins_giving_drivers_licenses_to_illegal_aliens.html

由于要下载的文章过多(超过1000篇),我想到了创建一个自动下载所有数据的功能。向量将提供所有网址(每行一个):

article 
[1] "https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html"                   
[2] "https://tmp.americanthinker.com/blog/2015/01/california_begins_giving_drivers_licenses_to_illegal_aliens.html"
[3] "https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2018/11/immigrants_will_not_fund_our_retirement.html"                
> str(article)
 chr [1:3] "https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html" ...
> summary(article)
   Length     Class      Mode 
        3 character character 

因此,脚本将使用矢量作为地址的来源,并使用每篇文章的标题和文本创建一个数据框。但是会弹出一些错误。这是我根据一系列Stack Overflow帖子编写的代码:

包装

library(rvest)
library(purrr)
library(xml2) 
library(dplyr)
library(readr)

导入CSV并导出为矢量

base <- read_csv(file.choose(), col_names = FALSE)
article <- pull(base,X1)

第一次尝试

articles_final <- map_df(article, function(i){
  pages<-read_html(article)
  title <-
    article %>%  map_chr(. %>% html_node("h1") %>% html_text())
  content <-
    article %>% map_chr(. %>% html_nodes('.article_body span') %>% html_text() %>% paste(., collapse = ""))
  article_table <- data.frame("Title" = title, "Content" = content)
  return(article_table)
})  

第二次尝试

map_df(1:3, function(i){
  page <- read_html(sprintf(article,i))
  data.frame(Title = html_text(html_nodes(page,'.h1')),
             Content= html_text(html_nodes(page,'.article_body span')),
             Site = "American Thinker"
             )
}) -> articles_final

在两种情况下,运行这些功能时都出现以下错误:

Error in doc_parse_file (con, encoding = encoding, as_html = as_html, options = options):
Expecting a single string value: 
[type = character; extent = 3].

我需要它来下载和分析文章

非常感谢您的帮助。

修改

我尝试了下面的代码:

I tried and it dod not work, some problem with my coding:
> map_dfc(.x = article,
+         .f = function(x){
+           foo <- tibble(Title = read_html(x) %>%
+                           html_nodes("h1") %>% 
+                           html_text() %>%
+                           .[nchar(.) > 0],
+                         Content = read_html(x) %>% 
+                           html_nodes("p") %>% 
+                           html_text(),
+                         Site = "AmericanThinker")%>%
+             filter(nchar(Content) > 0)
+           }
+         ) -> out
Error: Argument 3 must be length 28, not 46

但是当您看到一个新错误弹出时

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

这是我为您尝试的。我在玩Selector小工具并检查页面源。经过检查,我认为您需要使用 spring.data.mongodb.username = user spring.data.mongodb.password = pass spring.data.mongodb.host = 172.17.0.2 spring.data.mongodb.port = 27017 spring.data.mongodb.database = test_db <title><div class="article_body">部分将遍历map()中的三篇文章,并创建一个数据框。每行代表每篇文章。我认为您仍然需要进行一些字符串操作才能获得干净的文本。但这将帮助您抓取所需的内容。

article