使用私钥加密,使用公钥解密RSA

时间:2019-11-01 18:02:09

标签: encryption rsa digital-signature signature

我想使用带有RSA算法的OpenSSL使用私钥加密文件

openssl rsautl -in txt.txt -out txt2.txt -inkey private.pem -encrypt

现在,如果我要解密操作

openssl rsautl -in txt2.txt -pubin -inkey public.pem -decrypt
  

此操作需要私钥

我知道我应该使用公钥进行加密,如果使用私钥,我将获得签名。 我想这样做是为了学习目的

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您错误地使用了按键。在公钥加密中,加密使用公钥:

openssl rsautl -in txt.txt -out txt2.txt -inkey public.pem -pubin -encrypt

对于解密,使用与公钥相关的私钥:

openssl rsautl -in txt2.txt inkey private.pem -decrypt

私钥( without -pubin)可以用于加密,因为它实际上包含公用指数。请注意,通常不应将RSA直接用于加密数据,而只能“封装”(RSA-KEM)或“包装”用于对称加密的密钥。

但是您提到您实际上想研究签名。尽管从历史上讲,有时有时将RSA签名描述为“使用私钥加密”,但这种描述具有误导性,实际上实施起来并不安全。签名和验证实际上是不同于加密和解密的不同操作,rsautl仅执行其中的 part 。例如,您可以做:

# hash the data and encode the result in ASN.1 
openssl rsautl -sign -in hashenc.dat -out sig.dat -inkey private.pem
...
# on the recipient (with signature and purportedly correct data)
openssl rsautl -verify -in sig.dat -out hashenc.dat -inkey public.pem -pubin 
# or often more appropriate use a certificate for the public key
openssl rsautl -verify -in sig.dat -out hashenc.dat -inkey cert.pem -certin
# now either decode hashenc.dat and compare the hash
# to a new hash of the data (which should be the same)
# or compare all of hashenc.dat to an encoding of a new hash

相反,最好使用openssl dgst来执行PKCS1 e.g. rfc8017指定的整个签名和验证序列。例如,带有SHA256的RSASSA-PKCS1v1_5签名

openssl dgst -sha256 -sign private.pem -in data.txt -out sig.dat
# or can be abbreviated
openssl sha256 -sign private.pem -in data.txt -out sig.dat
# hashes the data, encodes the hash, does type 1 padding and modexp d
...
openssl dgst -sha256 -verify public.pem -in data.txt -signature     sig.dat
# or abbreviated 
openssl sha256 -verify public.pem -in data.txt -signature sig.dat 
# does modexp e and type 1 unpadding, and compares the result to a hash of the data

# notice you don't specify which key is public or private
# because this command knows what to expect

# however it does not accept the public key from a certificate, 
# you must extract the public key from the cert first

此表单(但不rsautl)也支持更新且技术上更好但使用不广泛的PSS填充。这仅在dgst手册页上进行了引用,并且大多在pkeyutl手册页上进行了记录,这并不完全清楚。

在其他堆栈上,这是最受关注的内容,例如: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/93603/understanding-digitial-certifications
https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/87325/if-the-public-key-cant-be-used-for-decrypting
https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/11879/is-encrypting-data-with-a-private-key-dangerous
https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/68822/trying-to-understand-rsa-and-its-terminology
https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/2123/rsa-encryption-with-private-key-and-decryption-with-a-public-key
https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/15997/is-rsa-encryption-the-same-as-signature-generation
https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/15295/why-the-need-to-hash-before-signing-small-data