我正在Python速成课程cpt13中从事外来入侵项目。当我设置外星人舰队移动时，出现了一些错误，例如，舰队仅向一个方向移动直到从屏幕上消失，{{{ 1}}中的def check_edges中。在我问这个问题之前，我试图找出很多次，都失败了。请帮我，谢谢！！！！
class Alien
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
def run_game():
pygame.init() #初始化pygame
ai_settings = Settings() #初始化设置参数
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height)) #屏幕尺寸
pygame.display.set_caption('Alian Invasion')
bg_color = (230,230,230) # 背景颜色
ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen) #初始化飞船,参数顺序不能反
bullets = Group() #初始化子弹编组
aliens = Group()#初始化外星人编组
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
while True:
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
def run_game():
pygame.init() #初始化pygame
ai_settings = Settings() #初始化设置参数
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height)) #屏幕尺寸
pygame.display.set_caption('Alian Invasion')
bg_color = (230,230,230) # 背景颜色
ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen) #初始化飞船,参数顺序不能反
bullets = Group() #初始化子弹编组
aliens = Group()#初始化外星人编组
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
while True:
#监视鼠标和键盘事件
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(bullets)
gf.update_aliens(aliens)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens,bullets)
run_game()
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
ship.update()
gf.update_bullets(bullets)
gf.update_aliens(aliens)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens,bullets)
run_game()
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
"""响应键盘"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
"""未达到上限，创建1个新的子弹"""
# 创建一个子弹，加入编组bullets中
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
"""松开键盘"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
"""响应键盘和鼠标"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""更新屏幕新的图像，并切换新的屏幕"""
# 每次循环重绘屏幕
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
# 在飞船和外星人后面绘制所有子弹
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
aliens.draw(screen)
# 绘制屏幕最近可见
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(bullets):
bullets.update()
# 删除子弹
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
#创建一个外星人，并计算一行容纳多少个外星人
alien =Alien(ai_settings,screen)
number_alien_x = get_number_alien_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
#创建外星人群
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range( number_alien_x):
create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def get_number_alien_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
"""计算一行可以容纳多少外星人"""
available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
"""计算屏幕可以容纳多少行外星人"""
available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -
( 3 *alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
"""创建一个外星人并放入其行"""
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
"""检测外星人达到边缘时的动作"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges:
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
"""降外星人群下移，并改变方向"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def update_aliens(aliens):
"""更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
#check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
"""表示单个外星人的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化外星人参数，注意参数签名顺序！！！"""
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.screen = screen
#加载外星人图像
self.image = pygame.image.load('alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
#每个外星人从屏幕左上方附近
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect. height
#储存每个外星人的准确位置
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
"""指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def update(self):
"""外星人群移动"""
self.x += ( self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction )
self.rect.x = self.x
def check_edges(self):
"""Return True if alien is at edge of screen."""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True