Haskell中的抽象函数

时间:2019-10-23 16:13:05

标签: function haskell types parameters

我目前正在Haskell上课,在理解如何将函数作为参数传递时遇到了一些麻烦。对于此任务,我们的任务是创建一个可评估表达式的程序。为了减少重复步骤,我想通过创建一个辅助函数来抽象该函数,该辅助函数将一个运算符作为输入并返回结果

主要功能:

--no-highlight

助手功能:

eval :: EDict -> Expr -> Maybe Double
eval _ (Val x) = Just x
eval d (Var i) = find d i
eval d (Add x y) = evalOp d (+) x y
eval d (Mul x y) = evalOp d (*) x y
eval d (Sub x y) = evalOp d (-) x y

其他定义

evalOp:: EDict -> ((Num a) => a -> a -> a) -> Expr -> Expr -> Maybe Double
evalOp d op x y =
  let r = eval d x
      s = eval d y
  in case (r, s) of
    (Just m, Just n) -> Just (m `op` n)
    _                -> Nothing

我研究了如何将+,-和*传递给其他函数,并发现这些运算符由以下定义定义:

data Expr
  = Val Double
  | Add Expr Expr
  | Mul Expr Expr
  | Sub Expr Expr
  | Dvd Expr Expr
  | Var Id
  | Def Id Expr Expr
  deriving (Eq, Show)

type Dict k d  =  [(k,d)]

define :: Dict k d -> k -> d -> Dict k d
define d s v = (s,v):d

find :: Eq k => Dict k d -> k -> Maybe d
find []             _                 =  Nothing
find ( (s,v) : ds ) name | name == s  =  Just v
                         | otherwise  =  find ds name

type EDict = Dict String Double

但是,当我运行代码时,出现以下编译错误:

ghci> :t (*)
(*) :: (Num a) => a -> a -> a  

我不确定为什么会发生这种情况,因为我为函数赋予了Haskell定义的适当参数。任何帮助将不胜感激,因为我还是该语言的新手。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

现在,您的Expr数据类型被约束为Double值的表达式,因此无需处理多态。

evalOp:: EDict -> (Double -> Double -> Double) -> Expr -> Expr -> Maybe Double
evalOp d op x y =
  let r = eval d x
      s = eval d y
  in case (r, s) of
    (Just m, Just n) -> Just (m `op` n)
    _                -> Nothing

(+) :: Num a => a -> a -> aevalOp的有效参数,因为可以将其类型“限制”为Double -> Double -> Double

> let f :: Double -> Double -> Double; f = (+)
> f 3 5
8.0

如果您的表达式类型已被参数化,则然后您将在函数上施加Num a约束(而不仅仅是涉及a的参数,因为您希望相同a)。

data Expr a
  = Val a
  | Add (Expr a) (Expr a)
  | Mul (Expr a) (Expr a)
  | Sub (Expr a) (Expr a)
  | Dvd (Expr a) (Expr a)
  | Var Id
  | Def Id (Expr a) (Expr a)
  deriving (Eq, Show)

type EDict a = Dict String a

evalOp:: Num a => EDict a -> (a -> a -> a) -> Expr a -> Expr a -> Maybe a
evalOp d op x y =
  let r = eval d x
      s = eval d y
  in case (r, s) of
    (Just m, Just n) -> Just (m `op` n)
    _                -> Nothing


eval :: Num a => EDict a -> Expr a -> Maybe a
eval _ (Val x) = Just x
eval d (Var i) = find d i
eval d (Add x y) = evalOp d (+) x y
eval d (Mul x y) = evalOp d (*) x y
eval d (Sub x y) = evalOp d (-) x y

答案 1 :(得分:-2)

该错误告诉您不能在函数链中的一种类型内嵌套类型限定符。而是将所有限定符放在类型签名的开头:

evalOp:: (Num a) => EDict -> (a -> a -> a) -> Expr -> Expr -> Maybe Double

有关更详尽的讨论,请参见Haskell - Illegal Polymorphic type?