我搜索了文档Office Excel API，但根本找不到任何提及，以及如何实现。
问题：
通过VBA宏可以轻松解决API功能或某些错误。
但是，为此，我们只有两种可能性：
将宏手动插入到工作表中，这将捕获工作表上的某些事件，而来自插件的JS会触发该事件（此解决方案来自非常老的论坛（如果找到链接，则将其插入此处） ）。
在外接程序运行时通过JS代码将宏插入工作表（context.workbook.worksheet？），甚至无法由外接程序执行，但是在这种情况下，最终用户根本不需要管理宏-我们可以使用相同的逻辑使宏运行的过程更加平滑（JS将宏插入工作表中，在工作表中更改一些值，然后触发一些宏，然后（例如，在JS中超时或在JS中发生另一个事件之后）我们可以使用此宏轻松删除整个工作表））。
问题是，是否可以使用Excel API以某种方式做出类似于解决方案2的内容？ （某种从插件中插入/删除VBA代码的功能）
我将不胜感激！
阐明问题的示例
我正在使用JavaScript API，但不幸的是，该API并未涵盖VBA中已经存在的全部功能（我希望到目前为止）。让我通过一个简单的示例进行解释：
想象一个任务：
我们需要从工作簿1中的工作表1中复制一些信息
然后我们需要创建一本书并将其值放在新工作簿2中
然后我们需要向用户建议需要将其保存在哪里（新工作簿2）。
然后我们需要保存并关闭工作簿2。
VBA可以轻松解决该问题，但是如果使用JS API，则无法完全解决此问题（没有第三方应用程序）。
您可以通过下面的链接比较API JS和VBA：
所以我要做的是-用JavaScript编写实际的VBA宏，然后将此VBA宏插入工作表以使该宏可执行。
如何使工作表中的某些值更改使宏可执行？
我发现，如果您在VBA中使用select调用直接应用于单元格并捕获选择更改的Worksheet_SelectionChange方法-则效果很好。
不幸的是，将设置值直接定向到单元格不会触发VBA Worksheet_change
我为什么要使用JS API
目前我已经有一个VBA项目可以执行类似的任务，但是随着项目的发展和发展-这里的一些功能，这里的一些功能，我看到插件-是解决关键问题的最佳解决方案-易于维护，管理，开发，推送更新，安装，而且看起来更好-因为插件仅是一个简单的网站
更新2019/09/20-可能的解决方法
首先，非常感谢@DecimalTurn，他使这种解决方法成为可能。参见his original answer below
我做了一些修改，并添加了其他JS脚本和VBA脚本以使该解决方案完整。所以：
ThisWorkbook模块执行任何操作之前，需要插入以下VBA宏：1.1。 VBA宏将处理我们将传输的所有VBA代码
Private Sub Workbook_NewSheet(ByVal Sh As Object)
On Error GoTo endline
Const SheetName As String = "_WorksheetSheetWorker"
CheckIfVBAAccessIsOn
If InStr(1, Sh.name, SheetName, vbBinaryCompare) >= 0 Then
If Sh.Range("$A$1") <> vbNullString Then
Const ModuleName As String = "m_TempMacroJS"
Dim ws As Worksheet
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets(SheetName)
'We will take MacroName from sheet which we added from JS
Dim MacroName As String
MacroName = ws.Range("A2").Value2
Dim rng As Range
Set rng = ws.Range("A1")
Dim pathToMacroBas As String
'Export the content of the cell to a .bas file
pathToMacroBas = ThisWorkbook.path & "\" & ModuleName & ".bas"
Open pathToMacroBas For Output As #1
Print #1, "Attribute VB_Name = """ & ModuleName & """ " & vbNewLine & ws.Range("A1").Value2
Close #1
'Declare VBProject Object
Dim vbaProject As VBProject
Set vbaProject = ThisWorkbook.VBProject
'Delete pre-existing module with the same name
On Error Resume Next
ThisWorkbook.VBProject.VBComponents.Remove ThisWorkbook.VBProject.VBComponents(ModuleName)
On Error GoTo 0
'Load the code as a new Module
vbaProject.VBComponents.Import ThisWorkbook.path & "\" & ModuleName & ".bas"
Dim vbaModule As VBIDE.VBComponent
Set vbaModule = vbaProject.VBComponents(ModuleName)
'Run the code and transfer working sheet to macro
'You can use this worksheet to transfer values to macro as JSON
Application.Run ModuleName & "." & MacroName, ws
'Cleanup
ThisWorkbook.VBProject.VBComponents.Remove vbaModule
'Optional
Kill pathToMacroBas
Application.DisplayAlerts = False
ws.Delete
Application.DisplayAlerts = True
End If
End If
Exit Sub
endline:
End Sub
1.2 VBA宏将以编程方式启用Trust access to the VBA project object model。请注意：您仍然需要启用Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications Extensibility 5.3
我在链接here上找到了解决方案，并做了一些修改-宏创建了VBScript并直接在寄存器中启用了Trust access to the VBA project object model。我无法解决的问题-延迟。保存和关闭现有工作簿需要一定的延迟时间。
Sub CheckIfVBAAccessIsOn()
'[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/Microsoft/Office/10.0/Excel/Security]
'"AccessVBOM"=dword:00000001
Dim strRegPath As String
strRegPath = "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\" & Application.Version & "\Excel\Security\AccessVBOM"
If TestIfKeyExists(strRegPath) = False Then
MsgBox "A change has been introduced into your registry configuration. All changes will be saved. Please reopen book."
WriteVBS
ThisWorkbook.Save
Application.Quit
End If
End Sub
Function TestIfKeyExists(ByVal path As String)
Dim WshShell As Object
Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
On Error Resume Next
Dim RegValue As Boolean
RegValue = WshShell.RegRead(path)
If RegValue = True Then
TestIfKeyExists = True
Else
TestIfKeyExists = False
End If
On Error GoTo 0
End Function
Sub WriteVBS()
Dim objFile As Object
Dim objFSO As Object
Dim codePath As String
codePath = Me.path & "\reg_setting.vbs"
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(codePath, 2, True)
objFile.WriteLine (" On Error Resume Next")
objFile.WriteLine ("")
objFile.WriteLine ("Dim WshShell")
objFile.WriteLine ("Set WshShell = CreateObject(""WScript.Shell"")")
objFile.WriteLine ("")
objFile.WriteLine ("MsgBox ""Please wait until Excel will closes! Click OK to complete the setup process.""")
objFile.WriteLine ("")
objFile.WriteLine ("Dim strRegPath")
objFile.WriteLine ("Dim Application_Version")
objFile.WriteLine ("Application_Version = """ & Application.Version & """")
objFile.WriteLine ("strRegPath = ""HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\"" & Application_Version & ""\Excel\Security\AccessVBOM""")
objFile.WriteLine ("WScript.echo strRegPath")
objFile.WriteLine ("WshShell.RegWrite strRegPath, 1, ""REG_DWORD""")
objFile.WriteLine ("")
objFile.WriteLine ("If Err.Code <> o Then")
objFile.WriteLine (" MsgBox ""Error"" & Chr(13) & Chr(10) & Err.Source & Chr(13) & Chr(10) & Err.Message")
objFile.WriteLine ("End If")
objFile.WriteLine ("")
objFile.WriteLine ("WScript.Quit")
objFile.Close
Set objFile = Nothing
Set objFSO = Nothing
'run the VBscript code
' > The macro will fail to execute the VB script if you use a
' [codepath] which contains blanks!
'
' > To fix this issue, we add a pair of double quotes (" ") around
' [codepath];
Shell "cscript " & Chr(34) & codePath & Chr(34), vbNormalFocus
End Sub
const VBAWorker = function(){
/* This is a name of tempurary sheet to execute macro */
this._executedMacroName = "JSSubRunner"
/* This is the name of sheet worker*/
this._WorksheetSheetWorkerName = "_WorksheetSheetWorker"
/* These options can be applied to already existed sheet*/
this._worksheetExistenceDecisionOptions = {
replaceSheet : "replaceSheet",
findNewAvailableName : "findNewAvailableName"
}
}
/**
* Function to run macro using sheet worker
* @param {String} VBAMacro is a code which will be executed
* @param {String} transferredValues (optional) are a values which we need
* to place into executable macro
* @param {String} worksheetDesicion (optional) is a desicion which we will if the worker worksheet exists
* default = "replaceSheet", possible = "findNewAvailableName"
*/
VBAWorker.prototype.run= async function(VBAMacro, transferredValues = "", worksheetDesicion = "replaceSheet"){
const defaultWorksheetName = this._WorksheetSheetWorkerName
let worksheetName = defaultWorksheetName
const preparedVBAMacro = this._changeMacroName(VBAMacro)
await Excel.run(async (context) => {
/* First we need to check out existence of sheet worker*/
let sheets = context.workbook.worksheets;
sheets.load("items/name");
await context.sync()
/**
* In this case we will deside what to do
* if we will find sheet with the same name
* */
const isSheetExists = this._checkWorksheetExistence(sheets)
const decisionOptions = this._worksheetExistenceDecisionOptions
if (isSheetExists){
switch (worksheetDesicion){
case decisionOptions.replaceSheet:
let sheetToReplace = sheets.getItem(worksheetName)
sheetToReplace.delete()
await context.sync()
break;
case decisionOptions.findNewAvailableName:
worksheetName = this._changeNameOfWorkerWorksheet(sheets)
break;
}
} else {
/* we will keep worksheetName as default */
}
let sheet = sheets.add(worksheetName);
let macroExeCell = sheet.getCell(0,0)
let macroNameCell = sheet.getCell(1,0)
let macroValuesCell = sheet.getCell(0,1)
macroExeCell.values = preparedVBAMacro
macroNameCell.values = this._executedMacroName
let preparedValues = []
const limit = 32700
const lengthOfString = transferredValues.length
// console.log(transferredValues.length)
// console.log(transferredValues.length / limit)
if (lengthOfString > limit) {
try {
let done = false
/* during cell lenght limit we will slice string to many*/
let lastStep = false
let current = limit
let oldcurrent = 0
do {
let end = current
let start = oldcurrent
/* Check that the next simbol not equals to "=" */
if(transferredValues.slice(end, end + 1) == "="){
current += 1
end = current
}
if (lengthOfString < start ){
start = lengthOfString
}
if (lengthOfString < end){
end = lengthOfString
lastStep = true
}
preparedValues.push(transferredValues.slice(start, end))
if (lastStep){
done = true
} else {
oldcurrent = current
current += limit
}
} while (done == false)
/* Write values to sheet*/
await preparedValues.forEach(async (el, i)=>{
macroValuesCell = sheet.getCell(0 + i,1)
macroValuesCell.values = [[el]]
})
} catch (error) {
console.log(error)
}
} else {
/* If string.length is less then limit we just put it directly to one cell*/
macroValuesCell.values = [[transferredValues]]
}
return await context.sync();
});
}
/**
* Function to search available name of sheet and return it
* @param {Array} sheets - worksheet items with
* returns suggestedName (string)
*/
VBAWorker.prototype._changeNameOfWorkerWorksheet = function(sheets){
try {
let suggestCounter = 0
let suggestedName;
let suggestedNameIsFree = false;
let worksheetName = this._WorksheetSheetWorkerName
do {
suggestedName = worksheetName + suggestCounter
suggestCounter = suggestCounter +1
suggestedNameIsFree = !this._checkWorksheetExistence(sheets)
} while (suggestedNameIsFree = false);
return suggestedName
} catch (error) {
console.log(error)
}
}
/**
* Function to check worksheet name existence
* @param {Array} sheets - worksheet items with names
* returns true or false
*/
VBAWorker.prototype._checkWorksheetExistence = function(sheets){
let isSheetExists = false
sheets.items.forEach(el=>{
if(el.name == this._WorksheetSheetWorkerName){
isSheetExists = true
return;
}
})
return isSheetExists
}
/**
* Function to change name of running macro
* @param {String} VBAMacro is a string that contains executed macro
* The name of running sub will be changed to "_JSSubRunner"
*/
VBAWorker.prototype._changeMacroName =function(VBAMacro){
const regex = /(Sub\s+)(.*)([(])/i
const renamedVBAMacro = VBAMacro.replace(regex, `Sub ${this._executedMacroName} (`)
return renamedVBAMacro
}
export default VBAWorker
如何使用？
您可以将其用作调用VBAWorker的简单实例：
const VBAWorkerInst = new VBAWorker()
await VBAWorkerInst.run(
"your VBA code goes here",
"your values in string (JSON for example) goes here",
"optional option:) - a name of decision what we need to do, if sheet already existed"
)
您的宏可以有任何名称，因为此VBAWorker会处理该宏并更改其名称以统一它。
请注意：因为Excel是异步的，所以我们需要等到所有的诺言都解决为止！因此，以上代码必须包装在异步函数中，否则您可以捕获promise回调。
我尚未经过测试，但我认为可以运行多个宏，并且我们可以使用与值相同的策略来编写更有用的代码。
这就是现在的全部：）真的希望随着时间的推移会有更简单的解决方案。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
作为免责声明，此方法可能会在您正在使用的Excel文件中引入一些漏洞，因此您必须对此谨慎使用，因为您必须为宏，模块和工作表名称使用唯一的名称，以确保不会运行任何加载项未经您同意的VBA代码。
这个想法是创建一个新的工作表，然后将宏代码写入该工作表中的单元格（假设单元格为A1）。然后，ThisWorkbook模块中将已经存在一个VBA事件过程，它将进行繁重的工作以使您的宏运行。
假设已启用Trust access to the VBA project object model，并且您已将Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications Extensibility 5.3库添加到工作簿中，则可以在ThisWorkbook中包含以下VBA事件过程：
Private Sub Workbook_NewSheet(ByVal Sh As Object)
If Sh.Name = "NewSheet" Then
If Sh.Range("$A$1") <> vbNullString Then
Const ModuleName As String = "MacroJs"
Const MacroName As String = "YourMacroName"
Const SheetName As String = "NewSheet"
Dim ws As Worksheet
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets(SheetName)
Dim rng As Range
Set rng = ws.Range("A1")
'Export the content of the cell to a .bas file
Open ThisWorkbook.Path & "\" & ModuleName & ".bas" For Output As #1
Print #1, "Attribute VB_Name = """ & ModuleName & """ " & vbNewLine & ws.Range("A1").Value2
Close #1
'Declare VBProject Object
Dim vbaProject As VBProject
Set vbaProject = ThisWorkbook.VBProject
'Delete pre-existing module with the same name
On Error Resume Next
ThisWorkbook.VBProject.VBComponents.Remove ThisWorkbook.VBProject.VBComponents(ModuleName)
On Error GoTo 0
'Load the code as a new Module
vbaProject.VBComponents.Import ThisWorkbook.Path & "\" & ModuleName & ".bas"
Dim vbaModule As VBIDE.VBComponent
Set vbaModule = vbaProject.VBComponents(ModuleName)
'Run the code
Application.Run ModuleName & "." & MacroName
'Cleanup
ThisWorkbook.VBProject.VBComponents.Remove vbaModule 'Optional
Application.DisplayAlerts = False
ws.Delete
Application.DisplayAlerts = True
End If
End If
End Sub
此过程将由您的Office-JS代码创建工作表触发。
请注意，我还建议添加一些错误处理，以确保在运行代码时出现运行时错误的情况下，将运行清除部分。
然后您的JavaScript代码将如下所示：
var sheets = context.workbook.worksheets;
var sheet = sheets.add("NewSheet");
sheet.getRange("A1").values = 'sub YourMacroName() \n Msgbox "Test" \n End sub';
答案 1 :(得分：1)
嗨，此功能今天不存在Office.js API。我将在Office加载项用户语音网站上发布一项要求：https://officespdev.uservoice.com。谢谢。