有人可以告诉我如何只阅读以下数据的前6个月(7列),例如使用read.table()
?
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2009 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39 -25 -15 -30 -27 -21 -25
2010 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39 -25 -15 -30 -27 -21 -25
2011 -21 -27 -2 -6 -10 -32 -13 -12 -27 -30 -38 -29
答案 0 :(得分:150)
假设数据位于文件data.txt
中,您可以使用colClasses
的{{1}}参数跳过列。前7列中的数据为read.table()
,我们将剩余的6列设置为"integer"
,表示应跳过这些列
"NULL"
根据实际的数据类型,将> read.table("data.txt", colClasses = c(rep("integer", 7), rep("NULL", 6)),
+ header = TRUE)
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
1 2009 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39
2 2010 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39
3 2011 -21 -27 -2 -6 -10 -32
更改为"integer"
中详述的其中一种可接受的类型。
?read.table
看起来像这样:
data.txt
并使用
创建$ cat data.txt
"Year" "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep" "Oct" "Nov" "Dec"
2009 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39 -25 -15 -30 -27 -21 -25
2010 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39 -25 -15 -30 -27 -21 -25
2011 -21 -27 -2 -6 -10 -32 -13 -12 -27 -30 -38 -29
其中write.table(dat, file = "data.txt", row.names = FALSE)
是
dat
如果事先不知道列数,则效用函数dat <- structure(list(Year = 2009:2011, Jan = c(-41L, -41L, -21L), Feb = c(-27L,
-27L, -27L), Mar = c(-25L, -25L, -2L), Apr = c(-31L, -31L, -6L
), May = c(-31L, -31L, -10L), Jun = c(-39L, -39L, -32L), Jul = c(-25L,
-25L, -13L), Aug = c(-15L, -15L, -12L), Sep = c(-30L, -30L, -27L
), Oct = c(-27L, -27L, -30L), Nov = c(-21L, -21L, -38L), Dec = c(-25L,
-25L, -29L)), .Names = c("Year", "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
"May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"), class = "data.frame",
row.names = c(NA, -3L))
将读取文件并计算每行中的字段数。
count.fields
答案 1 :(得分:54)
要从数据集中读取特定的一组列,还有其他几个选项:
1)来自fread
的{{1}} - 包:
您可以使用data.table
包中select
的{{1}}参数指定所需的列。您可以使用列名称或列号向量指定列。
对于示例数据集:
fread
或者,您可以使用data.table
参数指示不应读取哪些列:
library(data.table)
dat <- fread("data.txt", select = c("Year","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun"))
dat <- fread("data.txt", select = c(1:7))
所有结果都是:
drop
更新:如果您不希望dat <- fread("data.txt", drop = c("Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"))
dat <- fread("data.txt", drop = c(8:13))
返回 data.table ,请使用> data
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
1 2009 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39
2 2010 -41 -27 -25 -31 -31 -39
3 2011 -21 -27 -2 -6 -10 -32
- 参数,例如:fread
< / p>
2)来自data.table = FALSE
的{{1}} - 包:
另一个替代方案是fread("data.txt", select = c(1:7), data.table = FALSE)
包中的read.csv.sql
函数:
sqldf
3)read.csv.sql
- 来自sqldf
- 包的功能:
library(sqldf)
dat <- read.csv.sql("data.txt",
sql = "select Year,Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun from file",
sep = "\t")
从文档中解释使用read_*
的所用字符:
每个字符代表一列:c =字符,i =整数,n =数字,d = double,l =逻辑,D =日期,T =日期时间,t =时间,? = guess,或_ / - 跳过列
答案 2 :(得分:7)
您也可以使用JDBC来实现此目的。让我们创建一个示例csv文件。
write.table(x=mtcars, file="mtcars.csv", sep=",", row.names=F, col.names=T) # create example csv file
从以下链接下载并保存CSV JDBC驱动程序:http://sourceforge.net/projects/csvjdbc/files/latest/download
> library(RJDBC)
> path.to.jdbc.driver <- "jdbc//csvjdbc-1.0-18.jar"
> drv <- JDBC("org.relique.jdbc.csv.CsvDriver", path.to.jdbc.driver)
> conn <- dbConnect(drv, sprintf("jdbc:relique:csv:%s", getwd()))
> head(dbGetQuery(conn, "select * from mtcars"), 3)
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
1 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.46 0 1 4 4
2 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
3 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.32 18.61 1 1 4 1
> head(dbGetQuery(conn, "select mpg, gear from mtcars"), 3)
MPG GEAR
1 21 4
2 21 4
3 22.8 4
答案 3 :(得分:1)
您这样做:
df = read.table("file.txt", nrows=1, header=TRUE, sep="\t", stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
colClasses = as.list(apply(df, 2, class))
needCols = c("Year", "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun")
colClasses[!names(colClasses) %in% needCols] = list(NULL)
df = read.table("file.txt", header=TRUE, colClasses=colClasses, sep="\t", stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
答案 4 :(得分:1)
vroom package 提供了一种在导入期间按名称选择/删除列的“整洁”方法。文档:https://www.tidyverse.org/blog/2019/05/vroom-1-0-0/#column-selection
vroom 参数 'col_select' 使选择列以保持(或省略)更简单。 col_select 的接口与 dplyr::select() 相同。
按名称选择列data <- vroom("flights.tsv", col_select = c(year, flight, tailnum))
#> Observations: 336,776
#> Variables: 3
#> chr [1]: tailnum
#> dbl [2]: year, flight
#>
#> Call `spec()` for a copy-pastable column specification
#> Specify the column types with `col_types` to quiet this message
按名称删除列
data <- vroom("flights.tsv", col_select = c(-dep_time, -air_time:-time_hour))
#> Observations: 336,776
#> Variables: 13
#> chr [4]: carrier, tailnum, origin, dest
#> dbl [9]: year, month, day, sched_dep_time, dep_delay, arr_time, sched_arr_time, arr...
#>
#> Call `spec()` for a copy-pastable column specification
#> Specify the column types with `col_types` to quiet this message
Use the selection helpers
data <- vroom("flights.tsv", col_select = ends_with("time"))
#> Observations: 336,776
#> Variables: 5
#> dbl [5]: dep_time, sched_dep_time, arr_time, sched_arr_time, air_time
#>
#> Call `spec()` for a copy-pastable column specification
#> Specify the column types with `col_types` to quiet this message
或按名称重命名列
data <- vroom("flights.tsv", col_select = list(plane = tailnum, everything()))
#> Observations: 336,776
#> Variables: 19
#> chr [ 4]: carrier, tailnum, origin, dest
#> dbl [14]: year, month, day, dep_time, sched_dep_time, dep_delay, arr_time, sched_arr...
#> dttm [ 1]: time_hour
#>
#> Call `spec()` for a copy-pastable column specification
#> Specify the column types with `col_types` to quiet this message
data
#> # A tibble: 336,776 x 19
#> plane year month day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time
#> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 N142… 2013 1 1 517 515 2 830
#> 2 N242… 2013 1 1 533 529 4 850
#> 3 N619… 2013 1 1 542 540 2 923
#> 4 N804… 2013 1 1 544 545 -1 1004
#> 5 N668… 2013 1 1 554 600 -6 812
#> 6 N394… 2013 1 1 554 558 -4 740
#> 7 N516… 2013 1 1 555 600 -5 913
#> 8 N829… 2013 1 1 557 600 -3 709
#> 9 N593… 2013 1 1 557 600 -3 838
#> 10 N3AL… 2013 1 1 558 600 -2 753
#> # … with 336,766 more rows, and 11 more variables: sched_arr_time <dbl>,
#> # arr_delay <dbl>, carrier <chr>, flight <dbl>, origin <chr>,
#> # dest <chr>, air_time <dbl>, distance <dbl>, hour <dbl>, minute <dbl>,
#> # time_hour <dttm>
答案 5 :(得分:0)
一种简单的方法:
data <- read.table("dataname.csv", header = TRUE, sep = ",")[,1:7]