在Postgres 11数据库中,有一个表(traces
)和一列类型为JSONB
(trace
)的列。 JSON值始终是以下形式的嵌套数组:
[ ["a", "b"], ... ]
每行数组中至少有一个子元素。我想添加第二列(计算出的,但现在对于这种情况来说,一个简单的查询就足够了),其中包含数组列的字符串表示形式为
a.b c.d.e
从[["a","b"],["c","d","e"]]
的数组值开始。
我尝试了几件事,但是这里我可能会缺少一些理论。在我看来,这将涉及某种双重聚合,一次是每个嵌套数组,然后是最外层数组。如何在查询中表达这一点(如果那是正确的方法)?
我的出发点是首先查询所有嵌套数组的查询:
SELECT nested FROM traces, jsonb_array_elements(trace) nested;
它确实返回嵌套数组的列表,我认为nested
是JSONB
。我继续使用这样的方法:
SELECT
trace,
array_to_string(array_agg(nested), ' ')
FROM traces,
jsonb_array_elements(trace) nested
GROUP BY trace;
但是我遇到了无法“嵌套”聚合功能的问题。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
SELECT
trace,
string_agg(point_separated, ' ') -- 4
FROM (
SELECT
trace,
string_agg(second_level, '.') AS point_separated -- 3
FROM
traces,
jsonb_array_elements(trace) as first_level, -- 1
jsonb_array_elements_text(first_level) as second_level -- 2
GROUP BY trace, first_level.value
) s
GROUP BY trace
jsonb_array_elements()
将嵌套数组扩展为每个嵌套数组一个记录到目前为止的中间结果:
trace | value | value
:---------------------------- | :-------------- | :----
[["a", "b"], ["c", "d", "e"]] | ["a", "b"] | a
[["a", "b"], ["c", "d", "e"]] | ["a", "b"] | b
[["a", "b"], ["c", "d", "e"]] | ["c", "d", "e"] | c
[["a", "b"], ["c", "d", "e"]] | ["c", "d", "e"] | d
[["a", "b"], ["c", "d", "e"]] | ["c", "d", "e"] | e
[["e", "f", "g"], ["h", "i"]] | ["e", "f", "g"] | e
[["e", "f", "g"], ["h", "i"]] | ["e", "f", "g"] | f
[["e", "f", "g"], ["h", "i"]] | ["e", "f", "g"] | g
[["e", "f", "g"], ["h", "i"]] | ["h", "i"] | h
[["e", "f", "g"], ["h", "i"]] | ["h", "i"] | i
GROUP BY
和string_agg()
将内部元素聚合为点分隔的字符串如果聚合字符串的顺序对您很重要,则需要添加行计数,因为如果不告诉它们,像string_agg()
这样的聚合不能保证一定的顺序。
诸如jsonb_array_elements()
之类的集合返回函数支持WITH ORDINALITY
扩展名,该扩展名添加了这样的行号。这可以用来将ORDER BY
添加到string_agg()
函数中:
SELECT
trace,
string_agg(point_separated, ' ' ORDER BY number)
FROM (
SELECT
trace,
first_level.number,
string_agg(second_level.val, '.'
ORDER BY first_level.number, second_level.number) AS point_separated
FROM
traces,
jsonb_array_elements(trace) WITH ORDINALITY as first_level(val, number),
jsonb_array_elements_text(first_level.val) WITH ORDINALITY as second_level(val, number)
GROUP BY trace, first_level.val, first_level.number
) s
GROUP BY trace