使用Iterable和Iterator角色实现可迭代的类

时间:2019-07-20 03:25:52

标签: iterator perl6 raku

假设我们有以下组成角色Iterable的类:

class Word-Char does Iterable {
    has @.words;

    method !pairize($item) {
        return $item => $item.chars;
    }

    method iterator( Word-Char:D: ) {
        @!words.map({self!pairize($_)}).rotor(1).iterator
    }
}

我可以在对象构造过程中将对象分配给Positional变量,然后遍历该变量:

my @words = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;
.say for @words;

输出:

(the => 3)
(sky => 3)
(is  => 2)
(blue => 4)

但是,如果要传递对象该怎么办?我如何确定它仍然是可迭代?:

my $w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;
sub f( $w ) {
    .say for $w
}
f($w);

输出

Word-Char.new(words => ["the", "sky", "is", "blue"])

目标

通过使用IterableIterator或两者,如果可能的话,我希望能够遍历实现这些角色的类的实例对象。现在我知道,通过在对象构造过程中将实例对象分配给Positional变量,我可以获得类提供的 iterable 项,但这不是我想要的。相反,我想传递对象本身,并在我认为有需要的地方/地方对其进行遍历。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

好的,在这里不清楚您要实现什么,但是让我们尝试一下。 第二个示例中的主要问题是您已使用标量更改了Positional(带有w)。只需再次使用@w,您就可以设置

my @w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;
sub f( @w ) {
    .say for @w
}
f(@w);

这将以完全相同的方式工作,因为@w仍然是Positional,因此是Iterable的。当您调用$w时,标量仅返回其唯一的项目,即对象,即所打印的内容。如果要在该对象上使用标量符号并且对其进行迭代,则还需要使其成为Iterator

答案 1 :(得分:2)

在#perl6上,jnthn provided several approaches。他们中有些人的表现不如我预期。

我按照如下方式更新了课程 jjmerelo's suggestion

class Word-Char does Iterable does Iterator {
    has @.words;
    has Int $!index = 0;

    method !pairize($item) {
        return $item => $item.chars;
    }

    method iterator() {self}
    method pull-one( --> Mu ) {
        if $!index < @!words.elems {
            my $item = @!words[$!index];
            $!index += 1;
            return self!pairize($item);
        }
        else {
            return IterationEnd;
        }
    }
}

1。将对象绑定到Positional

# Binding to a Positional
my @w01 := Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;

这会产生以下错误:

Type check failed in binding; expected Positional but got Word-Char...

2。在迭代点使用|

my $w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;

for |$w {
    .say
}

=begin comment
Word-Char.new(words => ["the", "sky", "is", "blue"])
=end comment

|对似乎保持其标量性质的对象没有影响,因此for不会对其进行迭代。

3。使用无符号变量

my \w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;

for w {
    .say
}

=begin comment
he => 3
sky => 3
is => 2
blue => 4
=end comment

到目前为止,这是我所期望的最干净的方法。

4。而不是使类可迭代,而添加一个返回可迭代对象的方法。

实际上,这是我的第一种方法,但是我发现它并不是太

p6y 。无论如何,为了使它起作用,我们需要更新我们的类并添加一个返回可迭代内容的方法。我选择的方法的名称是LOOP-OVER,只是为了使其在其他所有方面脱颖而出。

class Word-Char {
    has @.words;

    method !pairize($item) {
        return $item => $item.chars;
    }

    method LOOP-OVER {
        gather for @!words -> $word {
            take self!pairize($word)
        }
    }
}

my $w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;

for $w.LOOP-OVER {
    .say
}

=begin comment
he => 3
sky => 3
is => 2
blue => 4
=end comment

但是,如果我们依赖于反复运行的几个类怎么办?我们如何确保它们实现相同的方法?最直接的方法 在这种情况下,将组成一个实现存根Iterationable方法的角色(例如LOOP-OVER)。

role Iterationable {
    method LOOP-OVER { ... }
}

class Word-Char does Iterationable {
    has @.words;

    method !pairize($item) {
        return $item => $item.chars;
    }

    method LOOP-OVER {
        gather for @!words -> $word {
            take self!pairize($word)
        }
    }
}

class Names does Iterationable {
    has @.names;

    method LOOP-OVER {
        gather for @!names -> $name {
            take $name.split(/\s+/)».tc.join(' ')
        }
    }
}

class NotIterable {
    has @.items
}

my @objs =
    Word-Char.new(words => <the sky is blue>), 
    Names.new(names => ['Jose arat', 'elva  delorean', 'alphonse romer']),
    NotIterable.new(items => [5, 'five', 'cinco', 'cinq'])
;

for @objs -> $obj {
    if $obj.can('LOOP-OVER') {
        put "» From {$obj.^name}: ";
        for $obj.LOOP-OVER {
            .say
        }
    }
    else {
        put "» From {$obj.^name}: Cannot iterate over it";
    }
}

=begin comment
» From Word-Char: 
the => 3
sky => 3
is => 2
blue => 4
» From Names: 
Jose Arat
Elva Delorean
Alphonse Romer
» From NotIterable: Cannot iterate over it
=end comment

jnthn所述,使用哪种方法(至少从工作中使用)几乎不会取决于眼前的问题。

答案 2 :(得分:2)

在处理具有迭代器角色的标量值时,完成您要尝试的操作的最简单方法是告诉perl6您的标量值是可迭代的。您可以通过使用[]后缀来实现。您的示例如下所示:

my $w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;
.say for $w[]

另一件事......

您的迭代代码存在一个错误,即在返回IterationEnd之前不会重置自身。快速修复如下所示:

class Word-Char does Iterable does Iterator {
    has @.words;
    has Int $!index = 0;

    method !pairize($item) {
        return $item => $item.chars;
    }

    method iterator() {self}
    method pull-one( --> Mu ) {
        if $!index < @!words.elems {
            my $item = @!words[$!index];
            $!index += 1;
            return self!pairize($item);
        }
        else {
            $!index = 0;
            return IterationEnd;
        }
    }
}

但是,这意味着您必须将所有迭代逻辑(及其属性)保留在主类中。另一种方法是使用匿名类,而不是使用self

class Word-Char does Iterable {
    has @.words;

    method !pairize($item) {
        return $item => $item.chars;
    }

    method iterator() {
        my @words = @!words;

        class :: does Iterator {
            has $.index is rw = 0;

            method pull-one {
              return IterationEnd if $!index >= @words.elems;
              @words[$!index++];
            }
        }.new;
    } 

    method pull-one( --> Mu ) {
        if $!index < @!words.elems {
            my $item = @!words[$!index];
            $!index += 1;
            return self!pairize($item);
        }
        else {
            return IterationEnd;
        }
    }
}

上述优点是可以使迭代逻辑更整洁并与对象的其余部分隔离。您也不必担心重置状态。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

另一个(有点混乱)的解决方案是:

class Word-Char does Iterator {
  has @.words;
  has Int $.index is rw = 0;

  method pull-one() {
    LEAVE { $!index++ }
    return $!index < @!words.elems
           ?? (@!words[$!index] => @!words[$!index].chars)
           !! IterationEnd;
  }
}

my $w = Word-Char.new: words => <the sky is blue>;
my $seq = Seq.new($w).cache;
sub f( $w ) {
  .say for $w[]
}
f($seq);
$w.index = 0;
f($seq);