Question

对于std::map<K, V>，默认value_type为std::pair<const K, V>。有没有一种使用自定义value_type的方法？据我所知你做不到。

编辑：为清楚起见，自定义value_type可能是这样的：

struct Edge {
  K from;
  V to;

  int calculate_thing();
  void print_debug();
};

例如假设我有一些不想更改的现有功能：

template<typename It>
void processEdges(It begin, It end) {
   for(auto it = begin; it != end; ++it) {
     do_stuff(it->from);
     do_more_stuff(it->calculate_thing());
  }
}

Answer 1

始终为std::pair<const K, V>，您无法更改。

如果您需要自定义value_type，也许可以使用std::set（最好使用transparent comaprator）。

Answer 2

您可以通过适配器类添加一个间接级别。如下所示（修改地图或单个地图迭代器的示例，并显示不必更改矢量的目标函数）...

// main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <type_traits>

// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56887842/c-map-with-custom-value-type
// From the original question
template <typename K, typename V>
struct Edge {
  K from;
  V to;

  int calculate_thing() { return 0; }
  void print_debug() { std::cout << "from='" << from << "', to='" << to << "'\n"; }
};

void do_stuff(int) {}
void do_more_stuff(int) {}

template<typename It>
void processEdges(It begin, It end) {
   for(auto it = begin; it != end; ++it) {
     do_stuff(it->from);
     do_more_stuff(it->calculate_thing());
     it->print_debug();
  }
}

// An additional level of indirection for maps
template <typename TMapIterator>
class MapValueIterator {
private:
  TMapIterator map_iterator;
  typedef typename std::iterator_traits<TMapIterator>::value_type map_iterator_type;

public:
  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
  typedef typename map_iterator_type::second_type value_type;
  typedef value_type & reference;
  typedef value_type * pointer;
  typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;

  MapValueIterator(TMapIterator map_iterator) : map_iterator(map_iterator) {}
  MapValueIterator(MapValueIterator &other) { map_iterator = other.map_iterator; }
  ~MapValueIterator() {}
  MapValueIterator& operator=(MapValueIterator &other) { map_iterator = other.map_iterator; return *this; }
  MapValueIterator operator++() { map_iterator++; return *this; }
  value_type*  operator*() const { return &map_iterator->second; }

  MapValueIterator operator++(int) {
    TMapIterator next_map_iterator(map_iterator);
    next_map_iterator++;
    return MapValueIterator(next_map_iterator);
  }

  value_type* operator->() const { return &map_iterator->second; }
  friend bool operator== (MapValueIterator const &left, MapValueIterator const &right) { return left.map_iterator == right.map_iterator; }
  friend bool operator!= (MapValueIterator const &left, MapValueIterator const &right) { return left.map_iterator != right.map_iterator; }
};

template <typename TMap>
class MapValueAdapter {
  TMap &map;
public:
  MapValueAdapter(TMap &map) : map(map) {}

  MapValueIterator<typename TMap::iterator> begin() { return MapValueIterator<typename TMap::iterator>(this->map.begin()); }
  MapValueIterator<typename TMap::iterator> end() { return MapValueIterator<typename TMap::iterator>(this->map.end()); }
};

// Map detection cribbed from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45042233/detect-if-type-is-a-mapping
template <typename T>
struct is_pair : std::false_type { };

template <typename T, typename U>
struct is_pair<std::pair<T, U>> : std::true_type { };

template <typename T>
constexpr bool is_pair_v = is_pair<T>::value;

template <typename TContainer>
typename std::enable_if<
  is_pair_v<typename std::iterator_traits<typename TContainer::iterator>::value_type>,
  MapValueAdapter<TContainer>
>::type
  adapt(TContainer &container) { return MapValueAdapter (container); }

template <typename TIterator>
typename std::enable_if<
  is_pair_v<typename std::iterator_traits<TIterator>::value_type>,
  MapValueIterator<TIterator>
>::type
  adapt(TIterator iterator) { return MapValueIterator (iterator); }

template <typename TContainer>
typename std::enable_if<
  !is_pair_v<typename std::iterator_traits<typename TContainer::iterator>::value_type>,
  TContainer &
>::type
  adapt(TContainer &container) { return container; }

int main(void)
{
  // Example where std::map, std::map::iterator and std::vector are adapted for processEdges() call.
  std::map<int, Edge<int, char>> map;
  map.insert_or_assign(2, Edge<int, char>{2, '2'});
  map.insert_or_assign(1, Edge<int, char>{1, '1'});
  std::vector<Edge<int, char>> const vector = { { 3, '3'}, {4, '4'} };
  auto map_adapter = adapt(map);
  auto vector_adapter = adapt(vector);

  std::cout << "Starting" << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Map\n";
  processEdges(map_adapter.begin(), map_adapter.end());
  std::cout << "Map Iterator\n";
  processEdges(adapt(map.begin()), adapt(map.end()));
  std::cout << "Vector\n";
  processEdges(vector_adapter.begin(), vector_adapter.end());
  std::cout << "Finished" << std::endl;
}

输出为：

Starting
Map
from='1', to='1'
from='2', to='2'
Map Iterator
from='1', to='1'
from='2', to='2'
Vector
from='3', to='3'
from='4', to='4'
Finished

Answer 3

您可以为此使用boost变体

 typedef boost::variant<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> Value;
typedef std::map<std::string, Value> TheMapYouWouldUse;

具有自定义value_type的C ++映射

3 个答案: