Question

我正在从事一个当前涉及Arduino的项目。我需要一个按钮，当按下该按钮时发送的值为1，但是一次只能发送一次。原因是我将其发送到正在处理，并且如果脚本多次接收到该值，这对于我的脚本来说是当前的问题。我将按钮设置为拨动开关后发现了这一点。我的下一个尝试是仅打印单个按钮的值，但是它在1到0之间的切换过于频繁。我需要消除输入上的噪音，并在按下后发送一个单一值1。

Arduino代码：

#include "mpr121.h"
#include <Wire.h>
#include <FastLED.h>

#define NUM_LEDS 5 //
#define DATA_PIN 13
CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS];

int capacitivePin = 2; //IRQ
boolean touchStates[12];

const int pingPin = 7; //Ping1
long duration, cm;

//const int pingPin2 = 8; //Ping2
//long duration2, cm2; 

int buttonPin = 3;
int buttonValue;

bool are_sensors_read = false; //mpr toggle
uint16_t  is_touched = 0;
uint16_t was_touched = 0;

void setup(){
  FastLED.addLeds<WS2812, DATA_PIN, RGB>(leds, NUM_LEDS);
  pinMode(capacitivePin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(capacitivePin, HIGH); //enable pullup resistor
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);
  Wire.begin();
  mpr121_setup();
}

void loop(){
  readTouchInputs();
  Leds();
  GetPings();
  Buttons();

  Serial.print(cm);
  Serial.print( "," );
  //Serial.print(cm2);
  //Serial.print( "," );
  Serial.print( touchStates[0] );
  Serial.print( "," );
  Serial.print( touchStates[1] );
  Serial.print( "," );                                              //NB!
  Serial.print( touchStates[2] );       //[cm,-cm2-,touch0,touch1,touch2,touch3,touch4,touch5,-touch6-,touch7,-touch8-,touch10,]
  Serial.print( "," );
  Serial.println( buttonValue );
  delay( 100 );
}


// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR CAPACITIVE SENSOR
void readTouchInputs() {
  if (!checkInterrupt()) {

    Wire.requestFrom(0x5A, 2);

    byte LSB = Wire.read();
    byte MSB = Wire.read();

    is_touched = ((MSB << 8) | LSB);
    uint16_t is_toggled = is_touched & ( was_touched ^ 65535 );

    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
      if ( is_toggled & (1 << i) ) {
        touchStates[i] = !touchStates[i];
        are_sensors_read = true;
      }
    }
    was_touched = is_touched;
  }
}

void mpr121_setup(void){
  set_register(0x5A, ELE_CFG, 0x00); 

  // Section A - Controls filtering when data is > baseline.
  set_register(0x5A, MHD_R, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NHD_R, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NCL_R, 0x00);
  set_register(0x5A, FDL_R, 0x00);

  // Section B - Controls filtering when data is < baseline.
  set_register(0x5A, MHD_F, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NHD_F, 0x01);
  set_register(0x5A, NCL_F, 0xFF);
  set_register(0x5A, FDL_F, 0x02);

  // Section C - Sets touch and release thresholds for each electrode
  set_register(0x5A, ELE0_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE0_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE1_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE1_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE2_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE2_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE3_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE3_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE4_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE4_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE5_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE5_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE6_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE6_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE7_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE7_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE8_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE8_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE9_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE9_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE10_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE10_R, REL_THRESH);

  set_register(0x5A, ELE11_T, TOU_THRESH);
  set_register(0x5A, ELE11_R, REL_THRESH);

  // Section D
  // Set the Filter Configuration
  // Set ESI2
  set_register(0x5A, FIL_CFG, 0x04);

  // Section E
  // Electrode Configuration
  // Set ELE_CFG to 0x00 to return to standby mode
  set_register(0x5A, ELE_CFG, 0x0C);  // Enables all 12 Electrodes

  // Section F
  // Enable Auto Config and auto Reconfig
  /*set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFG0, 0x0B);
  set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFGU, 0xC9);  // USL = (Vdd-0.7)/vdd*256 = 0xC9 @3.3V   set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFGL, 0x82);  // LSL = 0.65*USL = 0x82 @3.3V
  set_register(0x5A, ATO_CFGT, 0xB5);*/  // Target = 0.9*USL = 0xB5 @3.3V

  set_register(0x5A, ELE_CFG, 0x0C);
}

boolean checkInterrupt(void){
  return digitalRead(capacitivePin);
}

void set_register(int address, unsigned char r, unsigned char v){
    Wire.beginTransmission(address);
    Wire.write(r);
    Wire.write(v);
    Wire.endTransmission();
}


// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR PING
void GetPings() {
  pinMode(pingPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(5);
  digitalWrite(pingPin, LOW);

  pinMode(pingPin, INPUT);
  duration = pulseIn(pingPin, HIGH);

  cm = microsecondsToCentimeters(duration);


//  pinMode(pingPin2, OUTPUT);
//  digitalWrite(pingPin2, LOW);
//  delayMicroseconds(2);
//  digitalWrite(pingPin2, HIGH);
//  delayMicroseconds(5);
//  digitalWrite(pingPin2, LOW);

//  pinMode(pingPin2, INPUT);
//  duration2 = pulseIn(pingPin2, HIGH);

 // cm2 = microsecondsToCentimeters2(duration2);
}

long microsecondsToCentimeters(long microseconds) {
  return microseconds / 29 / 2;
}

//long microsecondsToCentimeters2(long microseconds2) {
//  return microseconds2 / 29 / 2;
//}

// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR LEDS
void Leds(){
//    if (cm < 50) {
//        leds[0] = CRGB::Blue;
//        FastLED.show(); 
//    }else if (cm > 50){
//        leds[0] = CRGB::Black; 
//        FastLED.show(); 
//    }

    if (touchStates[0] == 1) {
        leds[0] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[0] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[1] == 1) {
        leds[1] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[1] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[2] == 1) {
        leds[2] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[2] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[3] == 1) {
        leds[3] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[3] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }

    if (touchStates[4] == 1) {
        leds[4] = CRGB::Green; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }else{
        leds[4] = CRGB::Black; 
        FastLED.show(); 
    }
}

// DOWN FROM HERE STARTS CODE FOR BUTTONS
void Buttons(){
  buttonValue = digitalRead(buttonPin);

}

处理代码：

//---libs
import processing.serial.*;
import ddf.minim.*;

//---init1
int[] data = new int[12]; //arr send via serial from uno
String val; //storing arr

boolean isPlaying;
boolean buttonport5; //if choice buttons are active
boolean buttonport7;
boolean buttonport10;

//---init2
Serial myPort;
Minim minim;
AudioPlayer drums;
AudioPlayer guitar;
AudioPlayer lead;
AudioPlayer vocals;

//---begin
void setup() { 
  size(200,200);
  myPort = new Serial(this, "COM3", 9600);

  minim = new Minim(this);
  //startingSong();

  drums = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_drums.mp3", 2048);
  guitar = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_guitar.mp3", 2048);
  lead = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_lead.mp3", 2048);
  vocals = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_vocals.mp3", 2048);
}

//---loop
void draw() {
    if (myPort.available() > 0) {
        val = myPort.readStringUntil(10);

        if (val != null) {
            val = trim(val);
            int[] data = int(split(val, ','));
            //println(data);
            checkSensors(data);

          }  
      } 

}

//--songs
void startingSong() {
    drums = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_guitar.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_lead.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("ds_sos_vocals.mp3", 2048);
}

void songOne() {
    drums.pause();
    guitar.pause();
    lead.pause();
    vocals.pause();
    drums = minim.loadFile("dm_es_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("dm_es_guitar.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("dm_es_bass.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("dm_es_vocals.mp3", 2048);
    //print("now playing: depeche mode");
}

void songTwo() {
    drums.pause();
    guitar.pause();
    lead.pause();
    vocals.pause();
    drums = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_stabs.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_synth1.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("synnys_005_synth2.mp3", 2048);
    //print("now playing: synnys");
}

void songThree() {
    drums.pause();
    guitar.pause();
    lead.pause();
    vocals.pause();
    drums = minim.loadFile("dm_es_drums.mp3", 2048);
    guitar = minim.loadFile("dm_es_guitar.mp3", 2048);
    lead = minim.loadFile("dm_es_bass.mp3", 2048);
    vocals = minim.loadFile("dm_es_vocals.mp3", 2048);
    print("now playing: depeche mode");
}

//---actions
void checkSensors (int []data) {
    int ultrasonic = data[0];
    //int ultrasonic2 = data[1];
    int port0 = data[1];
    int port1 = data[2];
    int port2 = data[3];
    int port3 = data[4];
    int port4 = data[5];
    int port5 = data[6];
    //int port6 = data[];
    int port7 = data[7];
    //int port8 = data[];
    int port10 = data[8];

    println("ultrasonic: " + data[0]);
    //println("ultrasonic2: " + data[1]);
    println("port 0: " + data[1]);
    println("port 1: " + data[2]);
    println("port 2: " + data[3]);
    println("port 3: " + data[4]);
    println("port 4: " + data[5]);
    println("port 5: " + data[6]);
    //println("port 6: " + data[]);
    println("port 7: " + data[7]);
    //println("port 8: " + data[]);
    println("port 10: " + data[8]);
    print(isPlaying);

    chooseSong(port5, port7, port10);
    doActions(ultrasonic, port0, port1, port2);
}

void chooseSong (int port5, int port7, int port10) {
    if (port5 == 1 && buttonport7 == false && buttonport10 == false ) {
        isPlaying = false;
        songOne();
        buttonport5 = true;
    } else if (port7 == 1 && buttonport5 == false && buttonport10 == false) {
        isPlaying = false;
        songTwo();
        buttonport7 = true;
    } else if (port10 == 1 && buttonport5 == false && buttonport7 == false) {
        isPlaying = false;
        songThree();
        buttonport10 =true;
    } else {
        //startingSong();
        buttonport5 = false;
        buttonport7 = false;
        buttonport10 = false;
    }

    if (port5 == 1){
      if (buttonport7 == false && buttonport10 == false ){
        isPlaying = false;
        songOne();
        buttonport5 = true;
        buttonport7 = false;
        buttonport10 = false;
      }
    } else  {
        buttonport5 = false;
    }

    if (port7 == 1){
      if (buttonport5 == false && buttonport10 == false ){
        isPlaying = false;
        songTwo();
        buttonport7 = true;
        buttonport5 = false;
        buttonport10 = false;
      }
    } else {
        buttonport7 = false;
    }

    if (port10 == 1){
      if (buttonport5 == false && buttonport7 == false ){
        isPlaying = false;
        songThree();
        buttonport10 = true;
        buttonport5 = false;
        buttonport7 = false;
      }
    } else {
        buttonport10 = false;
    }


} 

void doActions (int ultrasonic, int port0, int port1, int port2) {
    if ((ultrasonic < 50)) {   // || (ultrasonic < 20) , || (isPlaying= false)
      if(isPlaying == false){
        isPlaying = true;
        drums.play();
        guitar.play();
        lead.play();
        vocals.play();

      }
    } else if (ultrasonic > 50) {   
        isPlaying = false;
        drums.rewind();
        guitar.rewind();
        lead.rewind();
        vocals.rewind();
    }       


    if (port0 == 1) {
        guitar.setGain(75);
    } else if (port0 == 0) {
        guitar.setGain(-50);
    }

    if (port1 == 1) {
        lead.setGain(75);
    } else if (port1 == 0) {
        lead.setGain(-50);
    }

    if (port2 == 1) {
        vocals.setGain(75);
    } else if (port2 == 0) {
        vocals.setGain(-50);
    }

}

编辑：对不起第一次不发布代码，这是我第一次在这里发布代码，我仍在尝试适应。

PS：我最近开始学习编程，所以我希望这可以在一定程度上为愚蠢的错误或缺少东西辩解。我希望一切都有意义。

Answer 1

对于从0到1的按钮切换过于频繁，即开关弹跳。谷歌那个。关于“反跳”的文章无数，可以解决该问题。

关于每次按一次按钮仅发送一次信号，请研究IDE随附的“状态更改示例”。基本上，您需要一个变量来存储按钮的最后状态，以便您可以在下次阅读时进行比较，以查看按钮是否已更改。这样，您只有在确实发生变化时才能采取行动。查看状态更改示例，如果您不遵循，也可以使用google进行搜索。有大量的例子说明了如何做到这一点。

发送单个值的Arduino按钮问题

1 个答案: