我在获取贝叶斯混合效应模型以生成固定链和充分混合链时遇到了麻烦。我已经创建了自己的数据,所以我知道模型应该检索哪些参数。不幸的是,由于参数的有效数量如此之少而Rhat如此之高,因此参数估计完全是胡说八道。
数据经过精心设计,共有60个主题,分为三组(g1,g2,g3),每组20个主题。每个对象都暴露于3种条件(cond1,cond2,cond3)。我对数据进行了设计,因此各组之间没有差异,但条件之间存在差异,cond1平均得分100,cond2平均得分75,cond3平均得分125。
df <- data.frame(id = factor(rep(1:60, 3)),
group = factor(rep(c("g1", "g2", "g3"), each = 20, length.out = 180)),
condition = factor(rep(c("cond1", "cond2", "cond3"), each = 60)),
score = c(ceiling(rnorm(60, 100, 15)), ceiling(rnorm(60, 75, 15)), ceiling(rnorm(60, 125, 15))))
这里是描述性
library(dplyr)
df %>% group_by(group, condition) %>% summarise(m = mean(score), sd = sd(score))
# group condition m sd
# <fct> <fct> <dbl> <dbl>
# 1 g1 cond1 108 12.4
# 2 g1 cond2 79.4 13.1
# 3 g1 cond3 128 11.5
# 4 g2 cond1 105 15.5
# 5 g2 cond2 71.6 10.6
# 6 g2 cond3 127 17.7
# 7 g3 cond1 106 13.3
# 8 g3 cond2 75.8 17.6
# 9 g3 cond3 124 14.5
一切看起来都是正确的,各个组之间的条件差异得到了很好的保留。
现在为模型。我正在运行的模型具有很大的平均值,组的参数,条件的参数,组x条件交互的参数和主题参数。
这是数据列表
##### Step 1: put data into a list
mixList <- list(N = nrow(df),
nSubj = nlevels(df$id),
nGroup = nlevels(df$group),
nCond = nlevels(df$condition),
nGxC = nlevels(df$group)*nlevels(df$condition),
sIndex = as.integer(df$id),
gIndex = as.integer(df$group),
cIndex = as.integer(df$condition),
score = df$score)
现在可以在rstan
中构建模型,并使用cat()
函数将字符串另存为.stan文件
###### Step 2: build model
cat("
data{
int<lower=1> N;
int<lower=1> nSubj;
int<lower=1> nGroup;
int<lower=1> nCond;
int<lower=1,upper=nSubj> sIndex[N];
int<lower=1,upper=nGroup> gIndex[N];
int<lower=1,upper=nCond> cIndex[N];
real score[N];
}
parameters{
real a0;
vector[nGroup] bGroup;
vector[nCond] bCond;
vector[nSubj] bSubj;
matrix[nGroup,nCond] bGxC;
real<lower=0> sigma_s;
real<lower=0> sigma_g;
real<lower=0> sigma_c;
real<lower=0> sigma_gc;
real<lower=0> sigma;
}
model{
vector[N] mu;
bCond ~ normal(100, sigma_c);
bGroup ~ normal(100, sigma_g);
bSubj ~ normal(0, sigma_s);
sigma ~ cauchy(0,2)T[0,];
for (i in 1:N){
mu[i] = a0 + bGroup[gIndex[i]] + bCond[cIndex[i]] + bSubj[sIndex[i]] + bGxC[gIndex[i],cIndex[i]];
}
score ~ normal(mu, sigma);
}
", file = "mix.stan")
下一步是在rstan
##### Step 3: generate the chains
mix <- stan(file = "mix.stan",
data = mixList,
iter = 2e3,
warmup = 1e3,
cores = 1,
chains = 1)
这是输出
###### Step 4: Diagnostics
print(mix, pars = c("a0", "bGroup", "bCond", "bGxC", "sigma"), probs = c(.025,.975))
# mean se_mean sd 2.5% 97.5% n_eff Rhat
# a0 -1917.21 776.69 2222.64 -5305.69 1918.58 8 1.02
# bGroup[1] 2368.36 2083.48 3819.06 -2784.04 9680.78 3 1.54
# bGroup[2] 7994.87 446.06 1506.31 4511.22 10611.46 11 1.00
# bGroup[3] 7020.78 2464.68 4376.83 81.18 14699.90 3 1.91
# bCond[1] -3887.06 906.99 1883.45 -7681.24 -247.48 4 1.60
# bCond[2] 4588.50 676.28 1941.92 -594.56 7266.09 8 1.10
# bCond[3] 73.91 1970.28 3584.74 -5386.96 5585.99 3 2.13
# bGxC[1,1] 3544.02 799.91 1819.18 -1067.27 6327.68 5 1.26
# bGxC[1,2] -4960.08 1942.57 3137.33 -10078.84 317.07 3 2.66
# bGxC[1,3] -396.35 418.34 1276.44 -2865.39 2543.45 9 1.42
# bGxC[2,1] -2085.90 1231.36 2439.58 -5769.81 3689.38 4 1.46
# bGxC[2,2] -10594.89 1206.58 2560.42 -14767.50 -5074.33 5 1.02
# bGxC[2,3] -6024.75 2417.43 4407.09 -12002.87 4651.14 3 1.71
# bGxC[3,1] -1111.81 1273.66 2853.08 -4843.38 5572.87 5 1.48
# bGxC[3,2] -9616.85 2314.56 4020.02 -15775.40 -4262.64 3 2.98
# bGxC[3,3] -5054.27 828.77 2245.68 -8666.01 -321.74 7 1.00
# sigma 13.81 0.14 0.74 12.36 15.17 27 1.00
有效样本数量少和Rhats高告诉我在这里我做错了什么,但是怎么办?
是否在bGxC上未指定先验?
如何在矩阵上指定先验?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
矩阵在Stan(see here)中效率低下。最好使用向量向量:
vector[nCond] bGxC[nGroup];
并设置优先级:
for(i in 1:nGroup){
bGxC[i] ~ normal(0, sigma_gc);
}
并且:
for (i in 1:N){
mu[i] = a0 + bGroup[gIndex[i]] + bCond[cIndex[i]] + bSubj[sIndex[i]] + bGxC[gIndex[i]][cIndex[i]];
}