EIDT
按照罗伯特的建议更改代码,但推力仍然慢得多。
我使用的数据基于两个.dat文件,因此在代码中省略了它。
原始问题
我有两个复杂的矢量被放置在GPU Tesla M6上。我想计算两个向量的按元素乘积,即[x1 * y1,...,xN * yN]。 两个向量的长度均为N = 720,896。
代码段(已修改)
我通过两种方式解决此问题。 一种是使用推力进行类型转换和特定的结构:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include "cuda_runtime.h"
#include "cuComplex.h"
#include <thrust/host_vector.h>
#include <thrust/device_vector.h>
#include <thrust/execution_policy.h>
#include <thrust/complex.h>
#include <thrust/transform.h>
#include <thrust/functional.h>
using namespace std;
typedef thrust::complex<float> comThr;
// ---- struct for thrust ----//
struct Complex_Mul_Complex :public thrust::binary_function<comThr, comThr, comThr>
{
__host__ __device__
comThr operator() (comThr a, comThr b) const{
return a*b;
}
};
// ---- my kernel function ---- //
__global__ void HardamarProductOnDeviceCC(cuComplex *Result, cuComplex *A, cuComplex *B, int N)
{
unsigned int tid = threadIdx.x;
unsigned int index = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x * blockIdx.x;
if(index >= N)
return;
Result[index].x = cuCmul(A[index],B[index]).x;
Result[index].y = cuCmul(A[index],B[index]).y;
}
// ---- timing function ---- //
double seconds()
{
struct timeval tp;
struct timezone tzp;
int i = gettimeofday(&tp, &tzp);
return ((double)tp.tv_sec + (double)tp.tv_usec * 1.e-6);
}
int main()
{
int N = 720896;
cuComplex *d_Data1, *d_Data2;
cudaMalloc(&d_Data1, N*sizeof(d_Data1[0]));
cudaMalloc(&d_Data2, N*sizeof(d_Data2[0]));
/************************************
* Version 1: type conversion twice *
************************************/
// step 1: type convert (cuComplex->thrust)
comThr *thr_temp1 = reinterpret_cast<comThr*>(d_Data1);
thrust::device_ptr<comThr> thr_d_Data1 = thrust::device_pointer_cast(thr_temp1);
comThr *thr_temp2 = reinterpret_cast<comThr*>(d_Data2);
thrust::device_ptr<comThr> thr_d_Data2 = thrust::device_pointer_cast(thr_temp2);
// step 2: product and timing
Complex_Mul_Complex op_dot;
double iStart = cpuSecond(); // timing class
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){ // loop 1000 times to get accurate time consumption
thrust::transform(thrust::device,thr_d_Data1,thr_d_Data1+N,
thr_d_Data2,thr_d_Data1,op_dot);
}
cudaDeviceSynchronize();
double iElapse = cpuSecond() - iStart;
cout << "thrust time consume: " << iElapse <<endl;
/************************************************
* Version 2: dot product using kernel function *
************************************************/
int blockSize;
int minGridSize;
int gridSize;
cudaOccupancyMaxPotentialBlockSize(&minGridSize, &blockSize, HardamarProductOnDeviceCC, 0, 0);
gridSize = (N+blockSize-1)/blockSize;
dim3 grid(gridSize);
dim3 block(blockSize);
iStart = cpuSecond();
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
HardamarProductOnDeviceCC<<<grid,block>>>(d_Data1,d_Data1,d_Data2,N);
}
cudaDeviceSynchronize();
iElapse = cpuSecond() - iStart;
cout << "kernel time consume: " << iElapse <<endl;
}
Result:
thrust time consume: 25.6063
kernel time consume: 2.87929
我的问题
添加cudaDeviceSynchronize()
后,推力版本似乎比内核版本慢得多。
有一个“黄金法则”使用库而不是编写自己的内核函数。但是我想知道为什么在这种情况下推力版本比较慢?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
CUDA内核启动是异步的。这意味着控制权将返回给宿主线程,以便它可以在内核启动后甚至在内核开始执行之前就继续执行下一行代码。
cuda
标签上的许多问题对此进行了介绍。计时CUDA代码时,这是一个常见错误。它可能会影响您对推力代码进行计时的方式以及对普通CUDA代码进行计时的方式。通常的解决方案是在关闭计时区域之前插入cudaDeviceSynchronize()调用。这样可以确保在完成时序测量后所有CUDA活动都完成。
当我使用适当的计时方法将您的内容变成完整的代码时,推力代码实际上更快。您的内核设计效率低下。这是我的代码版本,在Tesla P100的CUDA 10上运行,显示两种情况之间的时间几乎相同:
$ cat t469.cu
#include <thrust/transform.h>
#include <thrust/complex.h>
#include <thrust/device_ptr.h>
#include <thrust/execution_policy.h>
#include <cuComplex.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#define USECPSEC 1000000ULL
long long dtime_usec(unsigned long long start){
timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
return ((tv.tv_sec*USECPSEC)+tv.tv_usec)-start;
}
typedef thrust::complex<float> comThr;
struct Complex_Mul_Complex :public thrust::binary_function<comThr, comThr, comThr>
{
__host__ __device__
comThr operator() (comThr a, comThr b) const{
return a*b;
}
};
double cpuSecond(){
long long dt = dtime_usec(0);
return dt/(double)USECPSEC;
}
__global__ void HardamarProductOnDeviceCC(cuComplex *Result, cuComplex *A, cuComplex *B, int N)
{
unsigned int index = threadIdx.x + blockDim.x * blockIdx.x;
if(index < N)
Result[index] = cuCmulf(A[index],B[index]);
}
int main(){
int N = 720896;
cuComplex *d_Data1, *d_Data2;
cudaMalloc(&d_Data1, N*sizeof(d_Data1[0]));
cudaMalloc(&d_Data2, N*sizeof(d_Data2[0]));
// step 1: type convert (cuComplex->thrust)
comThr *thr_temp1 = reinterpret_cast<comThr*>(d_Data1);
thrust::device_ptr<comThr> thr_d_Data1 = thrust::device_pointer_cast(thr_temp1);
comThr *thr_temp2 = reinterpret_cast<comThr*>(d_Data2);
thrust::device_ptr<comThr> thr_d_Data2 = thrust::device_pointer_cast(thr_temp2);
// step 2: product and timing
Complex_Mul_Complex op_dot;
double iStart = cpuSecond(); // timing class
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){ // loop 1000 times to get accurate time consumption
thrust::transform(thrust::device,thr_d_Data1,thr_d_Data1+N,
thr_d_Data2,thr_d_Data1,op_dot);
}
cudaDeviceSynchronize();
double iElapse = cpuSecond() - iStart;
std::cout << "thrust time consume: " << iElapse <<std::endl;
int blockSize;
int minGridSize;
int gridSize;
cudaOccupancyMaxPotentialBlockSize(&minGridSize, &blockSize, HardamarProductOnDeviceCC, 0, 0);
gridSize = (N+blockSize-1)/blockSize;
std::cout << "gridsize: " << gridSize << " blocksize: " << blockSize << std::endl;
dim3 grid(gridSize);
dim3 block(blockSize);
iStart = cpuSecond();
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
HardamarProductOnDeviceCC<<<grid,block>>>(d_Data1,d_Data1,d_Data2,N);
}
cudaDeviceSynchronize();
iElapse = cpuSecond() - iStart;
std::cout << "kernel time consume: " << iElapse <<std::endl;
}
$ nvcc -o t469 t469.cu
$ ./t469
thrust time consume: 0.033937
gridsize: 704 blocksize: 1024
kernel time consume: 0.0337021
$
注意:为了让我证明我回答的正确性,提供完整的代码对我很重要。如果您需要他人的帮助,我的建议是提供完整的代码,而不是必须组装的零碎代码,然后通过添加包含等将其转换为完整的代码。欢迎您随意执行,当然,但是如果您使其他人更容易帮助您,您可能会发现自己更容易获得帮助。