Question

我在使用Python时遇到以下问题。

给出了以下JSON对象-我想

将此json读为字典
采用几个键并将它们作为标头放在CSV文件中，如下所示：

CSV标头

firstName,lastName,managersEmail,contractStartsDate

将这些键的相应值放在CSV中，如下所示：

CSV内容

firstName,lastName,managersEmail,contractStartsDate
nameOfPerson,lastNameofPerson,someManager,2000-01-01
nameOfPerson2,lastNameofPerson2,someManager2,2000-02-02

请勿在CSV文件内重复任何键
但是将每个键中的每个值从CSV内的JSON中移出相应标头值下的

我的targetJSON.json

data = '{"details":[
{"firstName":"nameOfPerson,"lastName":"lastNameofPerson","managersEmail":"someEmail","managersName":"someManager",
    "departmentName":"someDepartment",
    "position":"somePosition",
    "contractStartsDate":"2000-01-01",
    "contractEndDate":"2000-01-01",
    "company":"someCompany",
    "division":"someDivision",
    "preferredName":"Unknown"},
{"firstName":"nameOfPerson2","lastName":"lastNameofPerson2","managersEmail":"someEmail2","managersName":"someManager2",
    "departmentName":"someDepartment2",
    "position":"somePosition2",
    "contractStartsDate":"2000-02-02",
    "contractEndDate":"2000-02-02",
    "company":"someCompany",
    "division":"someDivision2",
    "preferredName":"Unknown"}
]}'

我的代码如下


with open('targetJSON.json', 'r') as f:
    distros_dict = json.load(f)

for distro in distros_dict:
    print(distro['managersEmail'])


data_file = open("targetJSON.json", "r")
values = json.load(data_file)
data_file.close()

with open("usersData.csv", "wb") as f:
    wr = csv.writer(f)
    for data in values:
        value = data["managersEmail"]
        value = data["firstName"]
        for key, value in data.iteritems():
            #wr.writerow([key, value])
            wr.writerow([key.encode("utf-8"), value.encode("utf-8")])

但是结果完全是乱码， CSV包含所有混合在一起的内容：-（

Answer 1

将newline=""与Python 3.x配合使用时，您需要使用csv.writer()，对于Python 2.x版本则使用wb。

使用给出的示例JSON，您只需要遍历标头字段并根据details中的每个条目创建一行。例如：

import json
import csv

data = """{"details":[{"firstName":"nameOfPerson","lastName":"lastNameofPerson","managersEmail":"someEmail",
    "managersName":"someManager", "departmentName":"someDepartment", "position":"somePosition", "contractStartsDate":"2000-01-01",
    "contractEndDate":"2000-01-01", "company":"someCompany", "division":"someDivision", "preferredName":"Unknown"},
{"firstName":"nameOfPerson2","lastName":"lastNameofPerson2","managersEmail":"someEmail2","managersName":"someManager2",
    "departmentName":"someDepartment2", "position":"somePosition2", "contractStartsDate":"2000-02-02",
    "contractEndDate":"2000-02-02", "company":"someCompany", "division":"someDivision2", "preferredName":"Unknown"}
]}"""

json_data = json.loads(data)
header = ["firstName", "lastName", "managersEmail", "contractStartsDate"]

with open("usersData.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f_output:
    csv_output = csv.writer(f_output)
    csv_output.writerow(header)

    for entry in json_data["details"]:
        csv_output.writerow([entry[key] for key in header])

给你

firstName,lastName,managersEmail,contractStartsDate
nameOfPerson,lastNameofPerson,someEmail,2000-01-01
nameOfPerson2,lastNameofPerson2,someEmail2,2000-02-02

如果您的JSON数据包含重复项，那么您必须先加载所有数据并删除重复项，然后才能开始写行。

或者，您可以按如下方式使用csv.DictWriter：

import json
import csv

data = """{"details":[{"firstName":"nameOfPerson","lastName":"lastNameofPerson","managersEmail":"someEmail",
    "managersName":"someManager", "departmentName":"someDepartment", "position":"somePosition", "contractStartsDate":"2000-01-01",
    "contractEndDate":"2000-01-01", "company":"someCompany", "division":"someDivision", "preferredName":"Unknown"},
{"firstName":"nameOfPerson2","lastName":"lastNameofPerson2","managersEmail":"someEmail2","managersName":"someManager2",
    "departmentName":"someDepartment2", "position":"somePosition2", "contractStartsDate":"2000-02-02",
    "contractEndDate":"2000-02-02", "company":"someCompany", "division":"someDivision2", "preferredName":"Unknown"}
]}"""

json_data = json.loads(data)
fieldnames = ["firstName", "lastName", "managersEmail", "contractStartsDate"]

with open("usersData.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f_output:
    csv_output = csv.DictWriter(f_output, fieldnames=fieldnames, extrasaction="ignore")
    csv_output.writeheader()
    csv_output.writerows(json_data["details"])

要从输入的JSON文件中读取数据，您可以执行以下操作：

import json
import csv

with open("sourceJSON.json", encoding="utf-8") as f_input:
    json_data = json.load(f_input)

fieldnames = ["firstName", "lastName", "managersEmail", "contractStartsDate"]

with open("usersData.csv", "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f_output:
    csv_output = csv.DictWriter(f_output, fieldnames=fieldnames, extrasaction="ignore")
    csv_output.writeheader()
    csv_output.writerows(json_data["details"])

如果需要删除相同的行，则将最后一行替换为：

csv_output.writerows(dict(t) for t in {tuple(entry.items()) : '' for entry in json_data["details"]})

使用JSON对象中的标头和数据构建CSV

1 个答案: