我实施了一种简单而效率不高的橡皮擦筛网。一次用于内置球拍流,一次用于自定义流。对我而言,唯一已知的区别是,内置流正在评估待命的第一项,而不是构建的。在两个实现中评估前1000个素数时,自定义流的运行速度是其10-20倍。有什么解释吗?
(define (integers-starting-from-stream n)
(stream-cons n (integers-starting-from-stream (+ n 1))))
(define (stream-limit s limit)
(when (not (= limit 0)) (stream-limit (stream-rest s) (- limit 1))))
(define x (integers-starting-from-stream 2))
(define (divisible? x y)
(= (remainder x y) 0))
(define (sieve s)
(stream-cons
(stream-first s)
(sieve (stream-filter
(lambda (x)
(not (divisible? x (stream-first s))))
(stream-rest s)))))
(time (stream-limit (sieve x) 1000))
还是我误会了一些会影响性能的东西?
(define-syntax-rule (s-delay exp)
(λ() exp))
(define (s-force delayedObject)
(delayedObject))
(define empty-s 'S-EMPTY-STREAM)
(define (s-empty? s)
(eq? s empty-s))
(define (s-first s)
(car s))
(define (s-rest s)
(s-force (cdr s)))
(define-syntax-rule (s-cons a b)
(cons a (s-delay b)))
(define (s-filter p s)
(cond ((s-empty? s) empty-s)
((p (s-first s))
(s-cons (s-first s)
(s-filter p (s-rest s))))
(else (s-filter p (s-rest s)))))
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
(define (divisible? x y)
(= (remainder x y) 0))
(define (integers-starting-from n)
(s-cons n (integers-starting-from (+ n 1))))
(define (s-limit s limit)
(when (not (= limit 0)) (s-limit (s-rest s) (- limit 1))))
(define x (integers-starting-from 2))
(define (sieve s)
(s-cons (s-first s) (sieve (s-filter (lambda(x) (not (divisible? x (s-first s)))) (s-rest s)))))
(time (s-limit (sieve x) 1000))
答案 0 :(得分:3)
这是一个观察结果:
使用integers-starting-from-stream
版本来打印数字
生成它们时:
(define (integers-starting-from-stream n)
(stream-cons n
(begin
(display (~a n " "))
(integers-starting-from-stream (+ n 1)))))
类似地:
(define (integers-starting-from n)
(s-cons n
(begin (display (~a n " "))
(integers-starting-from (+ n 1)))))
我们可以测试:
(collect-garbage) (collect-garbage) (collect-garbage)
(time (stream-limit (sieve x) 10))
(collect-garbage) (collect-garbage) (collect-garbage)
(time (s-limit (s-sieve s-x) 10))
我们观察到流版本会打印2到51之间的数字 在s版本中,数字从2到30。
流版本生成的列表几乎是双倍大小。
这是流版本比自定义版本慢的第一个(也是最重要的)原因。
流版本较慢的第二个原因是,流版本缓存了
stream-first
的结果。通常,当元素的计算速度较慢时,缓存会更快。
(define (integers-starting-from-stream n)
(stream-cons (begin (sleep 1) n)
(integers-starting-from-stream (+ n 1))))
和
(define (integers-starting-from n)
(s-cons (begin (sleep 1) n)
(integers-starting-from (+ n 1))))
然后运行:
(collect-garbage) (collect-garbage) (collect-garbage)
(define x (integers-starting-from-stream 2))
(time (stream-limit x 10))
(time (stream-limit x 10))
(collect-garbage) (collect-garbage) (collect-garbage)
(define s-x (integers-starting-from 2))
(time (s-limit s-x 10))
(time (s-limit s-x 10))