'<function-style-cast>':使用自定义删除器创建shared_ptr时,无法从'初始化列表'转换为'std :: shared_ptr <sdl_window>'

时间:2019-05-09 13:59:20

标签: c++ shared-ptr

我为SDL2库方法创建了包装函子,以使用自定义删除器返回智能指针。对于unqiue_ptr(类Image)来说似乎工作正常,但是对于在构建过程中返回shared_ptr(类Window)的类给出以下错误:

'<function-style-cast>': cannot convert from 'initializer list' to 'std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>'

此处的SDL_CreateWindow返回原始SDL_Window*,而IMG_Load返回原始SDL_Surface*

我曾尝试将Deleter移到公开位置,并取消了Window类的复制限制,但是仍然失败,并出现相同的错误。另外,如果我只是从Window的函数强制转换中返回nullptr,那么它的构建就很好。因此,问题似乎出在shared_ptr本身的创建上。使我感到困惑的是为什么它可以与unique_ptr一起使用但不能与shared_ptr一起使用。

#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <SDL.h>
#include "Uncopyable.h"

// fails during build with error: '<function-style-cast>': 
// cannot convert from 'initializer list' to 'std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>'
class Window:private Uncopyable {
private:


public:
    class Deleter {
        void operator()(SDL_Window *window) {
            SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        }
    };

    static const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 800;
    static const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600;
    std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window> operator()() const {
        return std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>(
            SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Tutorial",
                SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED,
                SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED,
                SCREEN_WIDTH,
                SCREEN_HEIGHT,
                SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN),
            Deleter());
    }
};

#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <SDL.h>
#include <SDL_image.h>
#include "Uncopyable.h"

// builds fine
class Image: private Uncopyable {
public:
    class Deleter{
        void operator()(SDL_Surface *image) {
            SDL_FreeSurface(image);
        }
    };

    std::unique_ptr<SDL_Surface, Deleter> operator()(const std::string &path) const {
        return std::unique_ptr<SDL_Surface, Deleter>(
            IMG_Load(path.c_str()),
            Deleter());
    }
};

预期结果:窗口类应该像图像类一样正确构建

实际结果:Window类由于上面给出的错误而失败,而Image类构建良好

更新:通过将shared_ptr创建逻辑移动到简单函数来进一步缩小范围,我发现删除自定义Deleter()会删除构建错误。因此,这似乎是罪魁祸首。但是我需要Deleter,以及为什么相同的构造可以使用unique_ptr在Image上正常工作。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

我已经简化了您的示例:

#include <memory>

// Stub these out since we don't have them available and they don't really matter
// for the substance of the question.
struct SDL_Window {};
void SDL_DestroyWindow( SDL_Window* win ) { delete win; }
SDL_Window* SDL_CreateWindow() { return new SDL_Window{}; }

// fails during build with error: '<function-style-cast>': 
// cannot convert from 'initializer list' to 'std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>'
class Window {
public:
    class Deleter {
        void operator()(SDL_Window *window) {
            SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        }
    };

    std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window> operator()() const {
        return std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>(
            SDL_CreateWindow(),
            Deleter());
    }
};

int main()
{
    auto win = Window();
    auto sp = win();
}

现在问题更加明显:

/usr/local/include/c++/8.2.0/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:642:11: error: 
  'void Window::Deleter::operator()(SDL_Window*)' is private within this context
        __d(__p); // Call _Deleter on __p.
        ~~~^~~~~

main.cpp:16:14: note: declared private here
         void operator()(SDL_Window *window) {

看到它在 Coliru 上实时失败。

如果将public添加到删除器类或将其设为结构,它将起作用。但是,您也可以跳过该类,如果需要完成所有工作,则直接直接传递delete函数(或者,如果它有点复杂,则使用lambda):

    std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window> operator()() const {
        return std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>(
            SDL_CreateWindow(),
            SDL_DestroyWindow);
    }

    // Or with a lambda if it's more complicated (here also using a factory func)
    static std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window> Create() {
        return std::shared_ptr<SDL_Window>(
            SDL_CreateWindow(),
            [] (auto win) { 
                UnregisterMyWindow( win );
                SDL_DestroyWindow( win ); 
             });
    }

看到它在 Coliru 上实时运行。

此外,像这样使用Window::operator()也是有疑问的。我建议您改用非成员或静态成员工厂函数来制作Windows。