Question

问题

ChrW字符代码参数是Long，用于标识字符，但不允许大于65535的值（十六进制值&HFFFF）- 参见MS Help。

例如，其他符号和象形文字可以在 Unicode十六进制块 1F300-1F5FF中找到。因此，对于打开或关闭的挂锁符号，我找不到任何方式来表示►1F512和1F513的建议十六进制值正好在课程ChrW(&H1F512)的此字符块中，将导致无效的过程/参数调用。

最近的answer发现了一个可能的错误选择，它引用了较低的字符代码 （通过ChrW(&HE1F7)和ChrW(&HE1F6)），但我正在寻找一种获得更高字符代码表示的方法。

问题

是否存在一种系统的方法来表达通过VBA或变通方法在大于FFFF的十六进制代码块中找到的 Unicode字符？

Answer 1

类似的事情应该起作用。大多数代码我都没有写，但是我知道要寻找什么。基本上将十六进制映射到等效的字节数组，然后返回字符串。

 Option Explicit

'Pulled from https://www.di-mgt.com.au/howto-convert-vba-unicode-to-utf8.html
''' Maps a character string to a UTF-16 (wide character) string
Private Declare PtrSafe Function MultiByteToWideChar Lib "kernel32" ( _
ByVal CodePage As Long, _
ByVal dwFlags As Long, _
ByVal lpMultiByteStr As LongPtr, _
ByVal cchMultiByte As Long, _
ByVal lpWideCharStr As LongPtr, _
ByVal cchWideChar As Long _
) As Long

' CodePage constant for UTF-8
Private Const CP_UTF8 = 65001

''' Return length of byte array or zero if uninitialized
Private Function BytesLength(abBytes() As Byte) As Long
    ' Trap error if array is uninitialized
    On Error Resume Next
    BytesLength = UBound(abBytes) - LBound(abBytes) + 1
End Function

''' Return VBA "Unicode" string from byte array encoded in UTF-8
Public Function Utf8BytesToString(abUtf8Array() As Byte) As String
    Dim nBytes As Long
    Dim nChars As Long
    Dim strOut As String
    Utf8BytesToString = ""
    ' Catch uninitialized input array
    nBytes = BytesLength(abUtf8Array)
    If nBytes <= 0 Then Exit Function
    ' Get number of characters in output string
    nChars = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0&, VarPtr(abUtf8Array(0)), nBytes, 0&, 0&)
    ' Dimension output buffer to receive string
    strOut = String(nChars, 0)
    nChars = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0&, VarPtr(abUtf8Array(0)), nBytes, StrPtr(strOut), nChars)
    Utf8BytesToString = Left$(strOut, nChars)
End Function

'Grabbed from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28798759/how-convert-hex-string-into-byte-array-in-vb6
Private Function HexToBytes(ByVal HexString As String) As Byte()
    'Quick and dirty hex String to Byte array.  Accepts:
    '
    '   "HH HH HH"
    '   "HHHHHH"
    '   "H HH H"
    '   "HH,HH,     HH" and so on.

    Dim Bytes() As Byte
    Dim HexPos As Integer
    Dim HexDigit As Integer
    Dim BytePos As Integer
    Dim Digits As Integer

    ReDim Bytes(Len(HexString) \ 2)  'Initial estimate.
    For HexPos = 1 To Len(HexString)
        HexDigit = InStr("0123456789ABCDEF", _
                         UCase$(Mid$(HexString, HexPos, 1))) - 1
        If HexDigit >= 0 Then
            If BytePos > UBound(Bytes) Then
                'Add some room, we'll add room for 4 more to decrease
                'how often we end up doing this expensive step:
                ReDim Preserve Bytes(UBound(Bytes) + 4)
            End If
            Bytes(BytePos) = Bytes(BytePos) * &H10 + HexDigit
            Digits = Digits + 1
        End If
        If Digits = 2 Or HexDigit < 0 Then
            If Digits > 0 Then BytePos = BytePos + 1
            Digits = 0
        End If
    Next
    If Digits = 0 Then BytePos = BytePos - 1
    If BytePos < 0 Then
        Bytes = "" 'Empty.
    Else
        ReDim Preserve Bytes(BytePos)
    End If
    HexToBytes = Bytes
End Function

示例呼叫

Public Sub ExampleLock()
    Dim LockBytes()  As Byte
    LockBytes = HexToBytes("F0 9F 94 92") ' Lock Hex representation, found by -->http://www.ltg.ed.ac.uk/~richard/utf-8.cgi
    Sheets(1).Range("A1").Value = Utf8BytesToString(LockBytes) ' Output
End Sub

这是输出到A1的内容。

Answer 2

对基本多语言平面（BMP）之外的Unicode字符有效的功能是WorksheetFunction.Unichar()。此示例将包含十六进制的单元格转换为其等效的Unicode：

Sub Convert()
    For i = 1 To Selection.Cells.Count
        n = WorksheetFunction.Hex2Dec(Selection.Cells(i).Text)
        Selection.Cells(i) = WorksheetFunction.Unichar(n)
    Next
End Sub

运行宏之前的原始选择：

Two cells selected with text 1f512 and 1f513

运行宏后：

Images of Unicode LOCK and OPEN LOCK symbols

如果您的Excel较旧并且WorksheetFunction不可用，则手动构建UTF-16替代品也可以：

Sub Convert()
    For i = 1 To Selection.Cells.Count
        n = CLng("&H" + Selection.Cells(i).Text) 'Convert hexadecimal text to integer
        If n < &H10000 Then 'BMP characters
            Selection.Cells(i) = ChrW(n)
        Else
            'UTF-16 hi/lo surrogate conversion
            'Algorithm:
            '1. Code point - 10000h (max U+10FFFF give 9FFFF...20 bits)
            '2. In binary, but 10 bits in first surrogate (x) and 10 in 2nd surrogate (y)
            '   110110xxxxxxxxxx 110111yyyyyyyyyy
            tmp = n - &H10000
            h = &HD800 + Int(tmp / (2 ^ 10)) 'bitwise right shift by 10
            l = &HDC00 + (tmp And &H3FF)     'bitwise AND of last 10 bits
            Selection.Cells(i) = ChrW(h) + ChrW(l)
        End If
    Next
End Sub

Answer 3

替代T.M。

别忘了添加对“ Microsoft HTML对象库”的引用

Function GetUnicode(CharCodeString As String) As String
    Dim Doc As New HTMLDocument
    Doc.body.innerHTML = "&#x" & CharCodeString & ";"
    GetUnicode = Doc.body.innerText
End Function

Answer 4

通过HTML解决

除了上述有效的解决方案之外：我发现使用 IE HTML 内容很容易，因为HTML不能区分高低代码块集。下面的函数仅返回解释后的内部html ：

示例调用中写的挂锁符号到单元格A1

[A1] = GetUnicode("1F512")

[1]函数GetUnicode（）-通过InternetExplorer

Function GetUnicode$(ByVal CharCodeString$)
' Purpose: get Unicode character via any valid unprefixed hex code string
' Note:    late bound InternetExplorer reference
Dim Ie As Object
Set Ie = CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
With Ie
    .Visible = False
    .Navigate "about:blank"
    .document.body.innerhtml = "&#x" & CharCodeString & ";"  ' prefixing HTML code
    GetUnicode = .document.body.innerhtml
   .Quit
End With
End Function

[2]替代函数GetUnicode（）-通过XMLDom（编辑5/12 2019）

这表示使用XMLDom的主机不可知方法。引用Wikipedia

“文档对象模型（DOM）是一个跨平台且与语言无关的应用程序编程接口，该文档编程接口将XML文档视为树结构，其中每个节点都是代表文档一部分的对象。”

类似于IE方法，Unicode实体由数字（十六进制）前缀&#x + num + ;组成。通常，我喜欢XML，因为它通常允许通过其各个节点和子节点引用进行更灵活的编码。该示例仅演示了给出想法的最简单方法。

Function getUnicode$(ByVal CharCodeString$)
' Purpose: get Unicode character via any valid unprefixed hex code string
' Note:    late bound MSXML2 reference using XMLDom
Dim XmlString$
XmlString = "<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""UTF-8""?><root><symbol>&#x" _
    & CharCodeString & ";</symbol></root>"
With CreateObject("MSXML2.DOMDocument.6.0")
    .ValidateOnParse = True
    .Async = False
    If .LoadXML(XmlString) Then
        getUnicode = .DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode("symbol").Text
    End If
End With
End Function

Answer 5

以下是我在ASP Classic中使用的VBScript代码。

您会注意到，没有类型声明，所有内容都是变量。我打算使用它的ChrU和AscU函数支持UCS-2（基本多语言平面）以外的字符。

由于这是为VBScript首先编写的，所以我认为它与主机无关。没有，但是它也应该在MAC上工作。希望对您有所帮助。

Private Function RightShift(ByVal pVal, shift)
    Dim i, nVal
    For i = 1 To shift
        nVal = (pVal And &H7FFFFFFF) \ 2
        If nVal And &H80000000 Then nVal = nVal Or &HC0000000
        pVal = nVal
    Next
    RightShift = pVal
End Function

Private Function LeftShift(ByVal pVal, shift)
    Dim i, nVal
    For i = 1 To shift
        nVal = (pVal And &H3FFFFFFF) * 2
        If pVal And &H40000000 Then
            nVal = nVal Or &H80000000
        End If
        pVal = nVal
    Next
    LeftShift = nVal
End Function

Public Function ChrU(ByVal code)
    Dim lo, hi ' to hold 16-bit surrogate pairs

    code = Int(code)
    If code <= 65535 Then
        ' code is in the UCS-2 range (a.k.a. Basic Multilingual Plane) which ChrW (and AscW) relies on.
        ' falling back to ChrW
        ChrU = ChrW(code)
    ElseIf code <= 1114111 Then ' code is in the Unicode range beyond UCS-2
        code = code - &H10000
        lo = ChrW(&HD800& Or RightShift(code, 10))
        hi = ChrW(&HDC00& Or (code And &H3FF))
        ChrU = Join(Array(lo, hi), "")
    Else
        Err.Raise 9, "ChrU", "Code point was out of range."
    End If
End Function

Public Function AscU(str)
    Dim lo, hi ' to hold 16-bit surrogate pairs

    If Len(str) = 1 Then
        AscU = AscW(str) And &HFFFF&
    Else
        Dim txt

        txt = Left(str, 2)
        lo = AscW(Mid(txt, 1, 1)) And &HFFFF&
        hi = AscW(Mid(txt, 2, 1)) And &HFFFF&

        If &HDC00& > hi Or hi > &HDFFF& Then
            ' hi surrogate is not valid
            ' assuming "str" is a Unicode (UCS-2) string of at least 2 characters
            ' returning first character's codepoint
            ' as Asc and AscW do
            AscU = lo
            Exit Function
        End If

        AscU = &H10000 + LeftShift(lo And &H3FF, 10) + (hi And &H3FF)
    End If
End Function

获取字符值大于十六进制FFFF的Unicode字符

5 个答案: