Question

我在Linux中安装了python

$ which python
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python

我也有pyinstaller

$ which pyinstaller
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller

现在，我在/ home / username / test /目录中创建了一个示例python文件hello.py

print "Hello World!!"

使用pyinstaller，当我尝试使用以下命令为其创建可执行文件时，我得到了

IOError：找不到Python库：libpython2.7mu.so.1.0， libpython2.7.so.1.0，libpython2.7m.so.1.0

 $ pyinstaller hello.py

 532 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1
 532 INFO: Python: 2.7.6
 534 INFO: Platform: Linux-2.6.18-371.el5-x86_64-with-redhat-5.10-Tikanga
 536 INFO: wrote /home/username/test/hello.spec
 591 INFO: UPX is not available.
 602 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
 ['/home/username/test', '/home/username/test']
 602 INFO: checking Analysis
 602 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
 603 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
 639 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
 757 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
 819 INFO: Caching module hooks...
 858 INFO: Analyzing /home/username/test/hello.py
 859 INFO: Loading module hooks...
 860 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
 6735 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
 6736 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
 6741 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
 7285 INFO: Looking for eggs
 7286 INFO: Python library not in binary depedencies. Doing additional searching...
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller", line 9, in <module>
   load_entry_point('PyInstaller==3.2.1', 'console_scripts', 'pyinstaller')()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 90, in run
   run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args))
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 46, in 
   run_build PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs)
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 788, in main
   build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build'))
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",      
 line 734, in build
   exec(text, spec_namespace)
 File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-     
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 212, in __init__
   self.__postinit__()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/datastruct.py", 
 line 161, in __postinit__
   self.assemble()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 543, in assemble
   self._check_python_library(self.binaries)
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 626, in _check_python_library
   raise IOError(msg)
 IOError: Python library not found: libpython2.7mu.so.1.0, libpython2.7.so.1.0, libpython2.7m.so.1.0
 This would mean your Python installation doesn't come with proper library files.
 This usually happens by missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of Python installation.

 * On Debian/Ubuntu, you would need to install Python development packages
 * apt-get install python3-dev
 * apt-get install python-dev
 * If you're building Python by yourself, please rebuild your Python with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on Darwin)

请任何人告诉我如何解决此错误并使用该错误创建一个可执行文件。

Answer 1

您似乎安装了非标准的python：

我在Linux中安装了python
$ which python 
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python

这可能导致pyinstaller无法从您的系统中找到libpython文件。在pyinstaller文档的When Things Go Wrong部分中：

这些错误之一可能令人困惑，但是：IOError("Python library not found!") PyInstaller需要捆绑Python库，该库是 Python解释器的主要部分，链接为动态负载图书馆。该文件的名称和位置取决于平台正在使用中。

在Linux和Python 2.7上，当您安装python2.7-dev时，这些libpython*文件通常在 / usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu / 下找到：< / p>

$ apt-get install python2.7-dev
$ find /usr/lib -name libpython*
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7-pic.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so

在我的机器上，当我运行pyinstaller而未设置任何其他选项时，它会自动使用 / usr / lib / x86_64-linux-gnu 中的libpython：

1632 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...
1654 INFO: Using Python library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0

对于您使用非标准路径的情况，该帮助页面也提供了解决方案：

PyInstaller查找python库的位置是在不同的操作系统中有所不同，但是/lib和/usr/lib是在大多数系统中已检查。如果您无法在其中放置python库，尝试在环境变量中设置正确的路径在Linux中为LD_LIBRARY_PATH，在OS X中为DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH。

现在，我不知道您是如何在系统上安装Python的，所以不知道您的libpython文件在哪里（或什至根本不存在）。您可以做的是：

找到libpython文件的路径
- 也许在 /grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib 下？
- 您可以find /path/to/pkgs -name libpython*
如果没有libpython文件，则需要先安装。
- 在Linux上，通常由apt-get install python2.7-dev
将libpython*文件的路径添加到LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- 尝试export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/dir/with/libpython
- 或参见How to set the environmental variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH in linux

在旁注中，我不熟悉Azure DevOps（如标题中所述），但我不建议将python（以及所有其他deps /程序包）安装到某些非标准路径，尤其是当您需要其他引用它的工具时。

在Azure DevOps的Linux上使用pyinstaller获取“ IOError：未找到Python库”

1 个答案: