我有一堂课;我们称之为Foo
。它具有key_type
类属性,该属性包含类型:
class Key: pass
class Foo:
key_type = Key
我想在键类型被初始化(*)或更改时对键类型运行某种方法。
因此,我将key_type
设置为元类的一个属性:
class Key: pass
class OtherKey: pass
class MetaFoo(type):
_key_type = None
@property
def key_type(cls):
return cls._key_type
@key_type.setter
def key_type(cls, value):
print(f'Setting key_type to {value}')
cls._key_type = value
class Foo(metaclass=MetaFoo):
key_type = Key
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(f"Foo's key type: {Foo.key_type}")
Foo.key_type = OtherKey
print(f"Foo's key type: {Foo.key_type}")
输出:
Foo's key type: None
Setting key_type to <class '__main__.OtherKey'>
Foo's key type: <class '__main__.OtherKey'>
似乎元类中_key_type
的定义取代了主类中key_type
的定义。但最重要的是,未使用Key
类型调用setter。
预期输出:
Setting key_type to <class '__main__.Key'>
Foo's key type: <class '__main__.Key'>
Setting key_type to <class '__main__.OtherKey'>
Foo's key type: <class '__main__.OtherKey'>
(*)我也希望它在初始化时发生的原因是可以从中继承Foo。我想知道(无论是在MetaFoo中还是在Foo中)子类是否使用其他key_type
。
答案 0 :(得分:4)
key_type
中class Foo
的定义实际上是将键值对添加到了用于初始化MetaFoo
的第三个参数(这是一个dict),它无能为力。
因此,您可以操纵MetaFoo
的初始化来显式调用您的setter方法。这可以通过重写元类的__init__
方法来实现:
class Key: pass
class OtherKey: pass
class MetaFoo(type):
_key_type = None
@property
def key_type(cls):
return cls._key_type
@key_type.setter
def key_type(cls, value):
print(f'Setting key_type to {value}')
cls._key_type = value
def __init__(self, name, bases, kw):
super(MetaFoo, self).__init__(name, bases, kw)
for key, val in kw.items():
setattr(self, key, val)
class Foo(metaclass=MetaFoo):
key_type = Key
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(f"Foo's key type: {Foo.key_type}")
Foo.key_type = OtherKey
print(f"Foo's key type: {Foo.key_type}")
输出:
Setting key_type to <class '__main__.Key'>
Foo's key type: <class '__main__.Key'>
Setting key_type to <class '__main__.OtherKey'>
Foo's key type: <class '__main__.OtherKey'>