Question

在父进程中创建仅包含一个信号量的信号量对象。将信号量初始化为初始值零（0）。在子进程中执行递减操作，在父进程中执行递增操作。

初始值-0 父级-增量（1）儿童-减量（0）

在这里我想让父母睡觉一段时间，以便孩子等待信号量值递减，直到父母将其增加到1。

在父母中，我放置sleep（10）并让孩子第一次执行以减少信号量，因此孩子要等10秒钟，直到父母增加信号量为止。

为此，我尝试了两种不同的方法在子进程中实现semop（）（使用IPC_NOWAIT和DEFAULT），我将为这两种方法提供代码。我不明白为什么这两种方法的行为方式不同，因为它们应该产生相同的行为。

使用IPC_NOWAIT的第一种方法：

#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<errno.h>

#define KEY1 12345

union semun {
             int val;
             struct semid_ds *buf;
             unsigned short *array;
             struct seminfo *__buf;
};

int main()
{
    int ret1,ret, sem, id2;
    union semun u1;
    struct sembuf sboa,sb;
    int status;

    sem = semget(KEY1, 1, IPC_CREAT|0600);

    if(sem<0) { perror("error in semaphore creation"); exit(1); }

    u1.val = 0;
    ret1=semctl(sem,0,SETVAL,u1);

    ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
    printf("Initial value of sem - %d\n",ret1);

    ret= fork();
    if(ret<0)
    {
        perror("error in chid");
        exit(1);
    }
    if(ret==0)
    {
        //sleep(1);
        int x;
        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("child.....before decrement..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
        sboa.sem_num = 0;
        sboa.sem_op = -1;
        sboa.sem_flg = IPC_NOWAIT;

        while ((x = semop(sem, &sboa, 1) < 0))
        {
            if (errno == EAGAIN)
            {
                //printf("Not able to get semaphore, received EAGAIN error\n");
                //printf("child.....before decrement..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
                sleep(1); continue;
            }
            else
            {
                perror("exiting now from child as not able to do semop:");
                break;
            }
        }

        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("child.....after decrement..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
        exit(0);
    }
    if(ret>0)
    {
        int x;
        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("parent.....before increment..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
        sleep(10);

        sboa.sem_num = 0;
        sboa.sem_op =  +1;
        sboa.sem_flg = 0;

        semop(sem,&sboa, 1);

        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("parent....after increment ..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
    }

    ret = waitpid(-1,&status,0);
    if(ret > 0 )
    {
        printf("Child with the id: %d terminated\n", ret);
        if(WIFEXITED(status))
        {
            printf("Process exited normally\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("Process exited abnormally");
        }
    }
    else
    {
        perror("Error in executing waitpid\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    semctl(sem,0,IPC_RMID);
    return(0);
}

//具有IPC_NOWAIT的输出

Initial value of sem - 0
parent.....before increment..the value of sem - 0
child.....before decrement..the value of sem - 0
parent....after increment ..the value of sem - 1
child.....after decrement..the value of sem - 0
Child with the id: 10284 terminated
Process exited normally

使用默认值的第二种方法：

#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/sem.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<errno.h>

#define KEY1 12345

union semun {
             int val;
             struct semid_ds *buf;
             unsigned short *array;
             struct seminfo *__buf;
};

int main()
{
    int ret1,ret, sem, id2;
    union semun u1;
    struct sembuf sboa,sb;
    int status;

    sem = semget(KEY1, 1, IPC_CREAT|0600);

    if(sem<0) { perror("error in semaphore creation"); exit(1); }

    u1.val = 0;
    ret1=semctl(sem,0,SETVAL,u1);

    ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
    printf("Initial value of sem - %d\n",ret1);

    ret= fork();
    if(ret<0)
    {
        perror("error in chid");
        exit(1);
    }
    if(ret==0)
    {
        int x;
        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("child.....before decrement..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
        sboa.sem_num = 0;
        sboa.sem_op = -1;
        sboa.sem_flg = 0;
        semop(sem, &sboa, 1);

        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("child.....after decrement..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
        exit(0);
    }
    if(ret>0)
    {
        int x;
        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("parent.....before increment..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
        sleep(10);

        sboa.sem_num = 0;
        sboa.sem_op =  +1;
        sboa.sem_flg = 0;

        semop(sem,&sboa, 1);

        ret1 = semctl(sem,0,GETVAL);
        printf("parent....after increment ..the value of sem - %d\n",ret1);
    }

    ret = waitpid(-1,&status,0);
    if(ret > 0 )
    {
        printf("Child with the id: %d terminated\n", ret);
        if(WIFEXITED(status))
        {
            printf("Process exited normally\n");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("Process exited abnormally");
        }
    }
    else
    {
        perror("Error in executing waitpid\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    semctl(sem,0,IPC_RMID);
    return(0);
}

//使用默认值输出

Initial value of sem - 0
parent.....before increment..the value of sem - 0
child.....before decrement..the value of sem - 0    --> after this the child should have blocked for 10 sec but it continued to print next line
child.....after decrement..the value of sem - 0     --> this line should have printed after 10 sec, how could child get to this line before decrementing semaphore??
parent....after increment ..the value of sem - 1
Child with the id: 10261 terminated
Process exited normally

因此，使用DEFAULT方法时，semop（）必须等待父进程将信号量设置为1，但事实并非如此，为什么？我已经使用IPC_NOWAIT来实现semop（），我们应该始终使用这种方法吗？解决此类问题的最佳方法/推荐方法是什么？注意：请同时使用两个代码段作为参考。

semop（）应该等待/阻塞，直到二进制信号量的值变为1，但不要等待

0 个答案: