D3通过json文件可视化网络数据（节点和链接）

时间：2019-03-23 11:41:02

标签： javascript python json d3.js data-visualization

我想可视化包含节点和json文件中的链接的网络数据。我正在寻找如何利用D3。我没有尝试过D3，但可视化网络数据似乎很不错。

很多使用D3进行数据可视化的示例，但我观察到json文件示例中的链接始终基于源和目标，或者基于索引的节点。...

如果我的json文件没有源密钥和目标密钥，而是该密钥使用了源密钥和目标密钥或json节点，并且仅链接了内容的值...我仍然可以使用D3 ..？

我希望我可以编辑D3来跟踪我的数据，或者反之亦然。..我不确定如何将json数据放入D3结构中。我已经阅读了D3文档和一些示例，但是却迷失了方向……赞赏的人可以给我进一步的建议。谢谢

请找到我拥有的数据json的示例

SAMPLE1（仅节点和链接的值）：

{"nodes":["ser1","ser2","ser3","ser4","ser5"],"links":[["ser1","ser3",10], 
["ser1","ser5",30],["ser2","ser3",11],["ser3","ser4",10], 
["ser3","ser5",20],["ser2","ser5",30]]}


{
  "nodes": [
    "ser1",
    "ser2",
    "ser3",
    "ser4",
    "ser5"
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "ser1",
      "ser3",
      10
    ],
    [
      "ser1",
      "ser5",
      30
    ],
    [
      "ser2",
      "ser3",
      11
    ],
    [
      "ser3",
      "ser4",
      10
    ],
    [
      "ser3",
      "ser5",
      20
    ],
    [
      "ser2",
      "ser5",
      30
    ]
  ]
}

SAMPLE2（节点和链接的键和值：

{"nodes":[{"name":"ser1"},{"name":"ser2"},{"name":"ser3"},{"name":"ser4"}, 
{"name":"ser5"}],"links":[{"source":"ser1","dest":"ser3","value":"10"}, 
{"source":"ser1","dest":"ser5","value":"10"}, 
{"source":"ser2","dest":"ser4","value":"30"}, 
{"source":"ser3","dest":"ser4","value":"10"}, 
{"source":"ser3","dest":"ser5","value":"10"}]}

    {
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "ser1"
    },
    {
      "name": "ser2"
    },
    {
      "name": "ser3"
    },
    {
      "name": "ser4"
    },
    {
      "name": "ser5"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    {
      "source": "ser1",
      "dest": "ser3",
      "value": "10"
    },
    {
      "source": "ser1",
      "dest": "ser5",
      "value": "10"
    },
    {
      "source": "ser2",
      "dest": "ser4",
      "value": "30"
    },
    {
      "source": "ser3",
      "dest": "ser4",
      "value": "10"
    },
    {
      "source": "ser3",
      "dest": "ser5",
      "value": "10"
    }
  ]
}

我的index.html 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>

.links line {
  stroke: #999;
  stroke-opacity: 0.6;
}

.nodes circle {
  stroke: #fff;
  stroke-width: 1.5px;
}

text {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-size: 10px;
}

</style>
<svg width="960" height="600"></svg>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.9.1/d3.min.js"></script>
<script>

var svg = d3.select("svg"),
    width = +svg.attr("width"),
    height = +svg.attr("height");

var color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory20);

var simulation = d3.forceSimulation()
    .force("link", d3.forceLink().id(function(d) { return d.name; }))
    .force("charge", d3.forceManyBody())
    .force("center", d3.forceCenter(width / 2, height / 2));

  var graph = getData();
  graph.links = graph.links.map(function(ele) {return {
    source: ele.source, target: ele.dest, value: +ele.value
  }
 });

  var link = svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "links")
    .selectAll("line")
    .data(graph.links)
    .enter().append("line")
      .attr("stroke-width", function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.value); });

  var node = svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "nodes")
    .selectAll("g")
    .data(graph.nodes)
    .enter().append("g")

  var circles = node.append("circle")
      .attr("r", 5)
      .attr("fill", function(d) { return color(d.name); })
      .call(d3.drag()
          .on("start", dragstarted)
          .on("drag", dragged)
          .on("end", dragended));

  var lables = node.append("text")
      .text(function(d) {
        return d.name;
      })
      .attr('x', 6)
      .attr('y', 3);

  node.append("title")
      .text(function(d) { return d.name; });

  simulation
      .nodes(graph.nodes)
      .on("tick", ticked);

  simulation.force("link")
      .links(graph.links);

  function ticked() {
    link
        .attr("x1", function(d) { return d.source.x; })
        .attr("y1", function(d) { return d.source.y; })
        .attr("x2", function(d) { return d.target.x; })
        .attr("y2", function(d) { return d.target.y; });

    node
        .attr("transform", function(d) {
          return "translate(" + d.x + "," + d.y + ")";
        })
  }

function dragstarted(d) {
  if (!d3.event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();
  d.fx = d.x;
  d.fy = d.y;
}

function dragged(d) {
  d.fx = d3.event.x;
  d.fy = d3.event.y;
}

function dragended(d) {
  if (!d3.event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);
  d.fx = null;
  d.fy = null;
}

  function getData() {
    let json = {"nodes":[{"name":"ser1"},{"name":"ser2"},{"name":"ser3"},{"name":"ser4"},
    {"name":"ser5"}],"links":[{"source":"ser1","dest":"ser3","value":"10"},
    {"source":"ser1","dest":"ser5","value":"10"},
    {"source":"ser2","dest":"ser4","value":"30"},
    {"source":"ser3","dest":"ser4","value":"10"},
    {"source":"ser3","dest":"ser5","value":"10"}]};

    return json;
  }
</script>

我在下面的发现 （1）仅sample2结构（json数据）适合并且可以适合D3（强制有向图）（2）要使用D3模板，请更改（i）id = node键（ii）添加graph.link = graph.links.map （function（ele）{return {source：ele.source，target：ele.dest，value：+ ele.value}}）; （（3）Json数据可以是内部或外部数据源（4）D3可以根据我们拥有的数据提供更多值/信息

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

  

如果要引用节点的属性而不是索引   （这是默认设置），您可以使用功能link.id（）。

     

有关参考，请参见：https://github.com/d3/d3-force#link_id

在您的情况下，可以使用sample2并通过以下方式将链接与节点连接：

d3.forceSimulation()
.force("link", d3.forceLink().id(function(d) { return d.name; }))

，您只需将“目标”重命名为“目标”：

graph.links = graph.links.map(function(ele) {
  return {
    source: ele.source, target: ele.dest, value: +ele.value
  }
});

我稍微调整了一个现有块来加载您的数据，see this example block。 另外，我在这里添加了一个代码段：

var svg = d3.select("svg"),
    width = +svg.attr("width"),
    height = +svg.attr("height");

var color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory20);

var simulation = d3.forceSimulation()
    .force("link", d3.forceLink().id(function(d) { return d.name; }))
    .force("charge", d3.forceManyBody())
    .force("center", d3.forceCenter(width / 2, height / 2));

  var graph = getData();
  graph.links = graph.links.map(function(ele) {return {
    source: ele.source, target: ele.dest, value: +ele.value
  }
 });

  var link = svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "links")
    .selectAll("line")
    .data(graph.links)
    .enter().append("line")
      .attr("stroke-width", function(d) { return Math.sqrt(d.value); });

  var node = svg.append("g")
      .attr("class", "nodes")
    .selectAll("g")
    .data(graph.nodes)
    .enter().append("g")
    
  var circles = node.append("circle")
      .attr("r", 5)
      .attr("fill", function(d) { return color(d.name); })
      .call(d3.drag()
          .on("start", dragstarted)
          .on("drag", dragged)
          .on("end", dragended));

  var lables = node.append("text")
      .text(function(d) {
        return d.name;
      })
      .attr('x', 6)
      .attr('y', 3);

  node.append("title")
      .text(function(d) { return d.name; });

  simulation
      .nodes(graph.nodes)
      .on("tick", ticked);

  simulation.force("link")
      .links(graph.links);

  function ticked() {
    link
        .attr("x1", function(d) { return d.source.x; })
        .attr("y1", function(d) { return d.source.y; })
        .attr("x2", function(d) { return d.target.x; })
        .attr("y2", function(d) { return d.target.y; });

    node
        .attr("transform", function(d) {
          return "translate(" + d.x + "," + d.y + ")";
        })
  }

function dragstarted(d) {
  if (!d3.event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0.3).restart();
  d.fx = d.x;
  d.fy = d.y;
}

function dragged(d) {
  d.fx = d3.event.x;
  d.fy = d3.event.y;
}

function dragended(d) {
  if (!d3.event.active) simulation.alphaTarget(0);
  d.fx = null;
  d.fy = null;
}
  
  function getData() {
    let json = {"nodes":[{"name":"ser1"},{"name":"ser2"},{"name":"ser3"},{"name":"ser4"}, 
    {"name":"ser5"}],"links":[{"source":"ser1","dest":"ser3","value":"10"}, 
    {"source":"ser1","dest":"ser5","value":"10"}, 
    {"source":"ser2","dest":"ser4","value":"30"}, 
    {"source":"ser3","dest":"ser4","value":"10"}, 
    {"source":"ser3","dest":"ser5","value":"10"}]};

    return json;
  }
.links line {
  stroke: #999;
  stroke-opacity: 0.6;
}

.nodes circle {
  stroke: #fff;
  stroke-width: 1.5px;
}

text {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  font-size: 10px;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.9.1/d3.min.js"></script>
<svg width="300" height="300"></svg>

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