这个问题来自What does SEGMENT_START("text-segment", 0x400000) represent?
从提到的问题中,我了解到内存映射中提到的用于构建可执行文件的地址是指虚拟地址,而不是物理地址。
我一直在使用这两个在线资源来读取可执行文件的内存布局:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/memory-layout-of-c-program/
https://www.embeddedrelated.com/showarticle/900.php
两者都暗示可执行文件的“开始”是其文本段。如果是这样,并且可执行文件的内存映射引用了虚拟地址,为什么我的内存映射中的text-segment
并不引用0x0
?我的理解是,加载可执行文件时,操作系统会为它提供一个虚拟地址范围-从0x00
开始。那么什么占据了虚拟地址范围0x00 - 0x3FFFFF
?
什么是/如何确定可执行文件的虚拟地址范围的结束地址?
> uname -a && ld --verbose
Linux LinuxBox 4.20.3-200.fc29.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jan 17 15:19:35 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
GNU ld version 2.31.1-15.fc29
Supported emulations:
elf_x86_64
elf32_x86_64
elf_i386
elf_iamcu
elf_l1om
elf_k1om
i386pep
i386pe
using internal linker script:
==================================================
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Copying and distribution of this script, with or without modification,
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notice and this notice are preserved. */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-x86-64", "elf64-x86-64",
"elf64-x86-64")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386:x86-64)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/x86_64-redhat-linux/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib");
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/* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of
the constructors, so we make sure it is
first. Because this is a wildcard, it
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linker won't look for a file to match a
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==================================================
答案 0 :(得分:1)
我敢推荐另外一种资源来阅读: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/Debug/pe-format 描述了MS Windows上使用的基于COFF的可执行文件。
在进程的虚拟地址空间中分配给可执行映像的内存始于IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase
指定的VA
在大多数链接器中,默认值为0x0040_0000
。
OS从可执行文件中加载标头和段,并且它从ImageBase开始。每个分区的起始VA向上舍入到IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER.SectionAlign
,通常为0x0000_1000
。
第一部分是标题。 Windows将在此处加载EXE文件的标头,即DOS存根文件,COFF_FILE_HEADER,IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER,SECTION_HEADER。
如果这些标头的总大小不超过4 KB,则下一个可用的对齐的VA为0x0040_1000
,并且第一个段(通常为.text
)被加载到那里。
下一个段(MS术语中的AKA section )为.data
,并将其加载到0x0040_2000
,依此类推。
段起始虚拟地址或多或少是任意选择的。请注意,这些数字都是四舍五入的漂亮数字,看起来不错,而且很容易将列表中可见的与段相关的地址重新计算为调试器中可见的虚拟地址。
分配给可执行映像的虚拟地址空间始于IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase
,其上舍入后的大小存储在IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER.SizeOfImage
中。操作系统可以将超出此范围的任何内容用于其他目的:堆栈,堆,动态加载的库,文件内存映射。