我需要找到一个带有空格或制表符的空密码字段,并用x替换(在/ etc / passwd文件中)
我在awk中发现了这种语法,该语法向用户显示第二个字段(使用:作为分隔符)在何处或为空,或者在其中包含空格或制表符:
awk -F":" '($2 == "" || $2 == " " || $2 == "\t") {print $0}' $file
结果如下:
user1::53556:100::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2: :53557:100::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3: :53558:100::/home/user3:/bin/bash
我如何对awk说用另一个字符替换第二个字段(空,空格或制表符)? (例如x)
答案 0 :(得分:0)
请您尝试以下。
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"} {$2=$2=="" || $2~/^[[:space:]]+$/?"X":$2} 1' Input_file
说明: :添加了上述代码的说明。
awk ' ##Starting awk program here.
BEGIN{ ##Starting BEGIN section here which will be executed before Input_file is being read.
FS=OFS=":" ##Setting FS and OFS as colon here for all lines of Input_file.
} ##Closing BEGIN section block here.
{
$2=$2=="" || $2~/^[[:space:]]+$/?"X":$2 ##Checking condition if $2(2nd field) of current line is either NULL or having complete space in it then put its vaklue as X or keep $2 value as same as it is.
}
1 ##mentioning 1 will print edited/non-edited current line.
' Input_file ##Mentioning Input_file name here.
编辑: 根据OP,OP无需触摸Input_file的最后一行,因此现在添加以下解决方案。
tac Input_file | awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"} FNR==1{print;next} {$2=$2=="" || $2~/^[[:space:]]+$/?"X":$2} 1' | tac
EDIT2: :如果您希望自己与单身awk
亲近,然后尝试遵循。
awk '
BEGIN{
FS=OFS=":"
}
prev{
num=split(prev,array,":")
array[2]=array[2]=="" || array[2]~/^[[:space:]]+$/?"X":array[2]
for(i=1;i<=num;i++){
val=(val?val OFS array[i]:array[i])
}
print val
val=""
}
{
prev=$0
}
END{
if(prev){
print prev
}
}' Input_file
如果要更改Input_file本身,请在上面的代码中附加> temp_file && mv temp_file Input_file
。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"} (NF>1) && ($2~/^[[:space:]]*$/){$2="x"} 1' file
user1:x:53556:100::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:53557:100::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:x:53558:100::/home/user3:/bin/bash
要使用GNU awk更改原始文件,
awk -i inplace 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"} (NF>1) && ($2~/^[[:space:]]*$/){$2="x"} 1' file
或任何awk:
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=":"} (NF>1) && ($2~/^[[:space:]]*$/){$2="x"} 1' file > tmp && mv tmp file
对NF>1
的测试可确保我们仅对已经具有至少2个字段的行进行操作,因此当输入中有空行时,我们不会在输出中创建类似于:x
的行文件。其余的希望很明显。