python：如何将p值显着性添加到barplot

Question

下面我有条形图的代码，我还要显示这些图的Pvalue含义。有什么简单的方法可以显示这些条的统计显着性

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

X= [-0.9384815619939103, 1.0755888058123153, 0.061274066731665564, 0.65064830688728]
x_labels = ['A' ,'B', 'C', 'D']

error = [0.23722952107696088, 0.25505883348061764, 0.26038015798295744, 0.26073839861422]
pvalue = [0.000076, 0.000025, 0.813956, 0.012581]

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar(x_labels, X, width=0.4, align='center', yerr=error)
plt.show()

Answer 1

可以像shown here一样进行一些修改

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   
X= [-0.9384815619939103, 1.0755888058123153, 0.061274066731665564,0.65064830688728]
x_labels = ['A' ,'B', 'C', 'D']
error = [0.23722952107696088, 0.25505883348061764, 0.26038015798295744, 0.26073839861422]
pvalue = [0.000076, 0.000025, 0.813956, 0.012581]

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
rects = ax.bar(x_labels, X, width=0.4, align = 'center', yerr=error)



def autolabel(rects,  pvalue, xpos='center',):
    """
    Attach a text label above each bar in *rects*, displaying its height.

    *xpos* indicates which side to place the text w.r.t. the center of
    the bar. It can be one of the following {'center', 'right', 'left'}.
    """

    xpos = xpos.lower()  # normalize the case of the parameter
    ha = {'center': 'center', 'right': 'left', 'left': 'right'}
    offset = {'center': 0.5, 'right': 0.57, 'left': 0.43}  # x_txt = x + w*off

    for i, rect in enumerate(rects):
        height = rect.get_height()
        ax.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width()*offset[xpos], 1.01*height,
                'p = {}'.format(pvalue[i]), ha=ha[xpos], va='bottom')
autolabel(rects, pvalue, "left")

plt.show()

结果为

Answer 2

这是将p值放入绘图图例的另一种解决方案。对我而言，与在条形图上绘制p值相比，这更令人愉快。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

X= [-0.9384815619939103, 1.0755888058123153, 0.061274066731665564, 0.65064830688728]
x_labels = ['A' ,'B', 'C', 'D']

error = [0.23722952107696088, 0.25505883348061764, 0.26038015798295744, 0.26073839861422]
pvalue = [0.000076, 0.000025, 0.813956, 0.012581]

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
cont = ax.bar(x_labels, X, width=0.4, align='center', yerr=error)

for i, art in enumerate(cont):
    art.set_color('C{}'.format(i))

ax.legend(cont.patches, [r'$p={:.6f}$'.format(pv) for pv in pvalue])