使用SFINAE启用基于包装大小的部分专业化

时间:2019-02-15 11:13:43

标签: c++ c++14 template-meta-programming sfinae

我正在尝试在编译时制作一个可以处理字符的模板。在这种情况下,我想施加一个约束,即必须始终存在一定数量的给定字符的精确倍数。

在没有完全匹配的情况下,我想在包的开头用0填充它们。

(顺便说一句,其动机是希望(在编译时,作为一个更大的问题的一部分)增加对将二进制和十六进制文字映射到std::array<unsigned char, N>的支持,除了填充不是字节的倍数的东西)。

这是我为使填充起作用而要做的简化示例:

// Thingy operates on N*4 chars - if that's not met use inheritance to 0 pad until it is met.
template<char ...Args>
struct thingy : thingy<0, Args...> {
    // All we do here is recursively add one more 0 via inheritance until the N*4 rule is met
};

// This specialisation does the real work, N=1 case only
template<char a, char b, char c, char d>
struct thingy<a,b,c,d> {
    enum { value = (a << 24) | (b << 16) | (c << 8) | d }; 
};

// This handles chunking the N*4 things into N cases of work. Does work along the way, only allowed for exact N*4 after padding has happened.
template <char a, char b, char c, char d, char ...Args>
struct thingy<a,b,c,d,Args...> : thingy<a,b,c,d> {
    static_assert(sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0); // PROBLEM: this is a we're a better match than the template that pads things, how do we stop that?
    // Do something with the value we just got and/or the tail as needed
    typedef thingy<a,b,c,d> head;
    typedef thingy<Args...> tail;
};

int main() {
    thingy<1,1,1,1,1>(); // This should be equivalent to writing thingy<0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1>()
}

这击中了我的static_assert。问题是我们总是在这里匹配错误的专业化,这是我期望的,因为它更加专业化。


所以我环顾四周,发现了一些相同问题for a function的示例,但据我所知,这两个都不适用。

我尝试了其他一些方法,但都没有达到我希望的效果,首先是在enable_if上天真地sizeof...(Args)恰好在我想要的位置:

template <char a, char b, char c, char d, typename std::enable_if<sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0, char>::type ...Args>
struct thingy<a,b,c,d,Args...> : thingy<a,b,c,d> {
    // ...
};

尽管据我所知,这是不合法的,并且肯定不能在我的编译器上使用-在需要查询sizeof...(Args)的时候,Args还不存在。

据我所知,我们也不能合法地在包后添加另一个模板参数,这也失败了:

template <char a, char b, char c, char d, char ...Args, typename std::enable_if<sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0, int>::type=0>
struct thingy<a,b,c,d,Args...> : thingy<a,b,c,d> {
    // ...
};

有错误:

pad_params_try3.cc:17:8: error: default template arguments may not be used in partial specializations

我还在继承本身中尝试了SFINAE,但这似乎并不是一个合法的地方:

template <char a, char b, char c, char d, char ...Args>
struct thingy<a,b,c,d,Args...> : std::enable_if<sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0, thingy<a,b,c,d>>::type {
    // ...
};

因为我们同时击中了static_assert和失败,这是enable_if中的错误。

pad_params_try4.cc:17:8: error: no type named 'type' in 'struct std::enable_if<false, thingy<'\001', '\001', '\001', '\001'> >'
 struct thingy<a,b,c,d,Args...> : std::enable_if<sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0, thingy<a,b,c,d>>::type {
        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
pad_params_try4.cc:18:5: error: static assertion failed
     static_assert(sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0);

据我能从阅读更多this might even be considered a defect中看出来的信息,但这对我目前的帮助不大。

如何使用C ++ 14 gcc 6.x中的功能解决此问题?是否有比完全回到绘图板更简单的选择?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

具有多重继承和填充的中间帮助结构的方法稍有不同吗?

// This handles chunking the N*4 things into N cases of work. Does work along the way, only allowed for exact N*4 after padding has happened.
template <char a, char b, char c, char d, char... Args>
struct thingy_impl : thingy_impl<a, b, c, d>, thingy_impl<Args...> {
    static_assert(sizeof...(Args) % 4 == 0);
    // Do something with the value we just got and/or the tail as needed
    typedef thingy_impl<a,b,c,d> head;
    typedef thingy_impl<Args...> tail;
};

template<char a, char b, char c, char d>
struct thingy_impl<a,b,c,d> {
    enum { value = (a << 24) | (b << 16) | (c << 8) | d }; 
};

template<int REMAINDER, char... Args>
struct padding;

template<char... Args>
struct padding<0,Args...> { using type = thingy_impl<Args...>; };

template<char... Args>
struct padding<1,Args...> { using type = thingy_impl<0,0,0,Args...>; };

template<char... Args>
struct padding<2,Args...> { using type = thingy_impl<0,0,Args...>; };

template<char... Args>
struct padding<3,Args...> { using type = thingy_impl<0,Args...>; };

template<char... Args>
struct thingy : padding<sizeof...(Args) % 4, Args...>::type { };

int main() {
    thingy<1,1,1,1,1>(); // This should be equivalent to writing thingy<0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1>()
}

Demo, with a diagnostic output.

答案 1 :(得分:2)

首先,这是C ++ 17中的一个简单解决方案,它使用递归if constexpr辅助函数为您填充:

template<char ... Args>
auto getThingyPadded()
{
    if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) % 4 != 0)
        return getThingyPadded<0, Args...>();
    else
        return thingy<Args...>{};
}

要制作此C ++ 14,我们需要使用SFINAE而不是if constexpr。我们可以添加一个为我们计算sizeof...(Args)的呼叫来规避您所描述的问题:

template<bool B, class U = void>
using enableIfT = typename std::enable_if<B, U>::type;

template<std::size_t N, enableIfT<(N % 4 == 0)>* = nullptr, char ... Args>
auto getThingyPaddedHelper()
{
    return thingy<Args...>{};
}

template<std::size_t N, enableIfT<(N % 4 != 0)>* = nullptr, char ... Args>
auto getThingyPaddedHelper()
{
    return getThingyPaddedHelper<N+1, nullptr, 0, Args...>();
}

template<char ... Args>
auto getThingyPadded()
{
    return getThingyPaddedHelper<sizeof...(Args), nullptr, Args...>();
}

Demo!

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我会用头/尾删除列表并使用std::tuple,结果是:

// No variadic here
template <char a, char b, char c, char d>
struct thingy {
    enum { value = (a << 24) | (b << 16) | (c << 8) | d }; 
};

template <typename Seq, char... Cs>
struct thingies_impl;

template <std::size_t ...Is, char... Cs>
struct thingies_impl<std::index_sequence<Is...>, Cs...>
{
private:
    static constexpr char get(std::size_t n)
    {
        constexpr char cs[] = {Cs...};
        constexpr std::size_t paddingSize = (4 - (sizeof...(Cs) % 4)) % 4;
        return (n < paddingSize) ? '\0' : cs[n - paddingSize];
    }

public:
    using type = std::tuple<thingy<get(4 * Is),
                                   get(4 * Is + 1),
                                   get(4 * Is + 2),
                                   get(4 * Is + 3)>...>;  
};

template <char... Cs>
using thingies = thingies_impl<std::make_index_sequence<(sizeof...(Cs) + 3) / 4>, Cs...>;

Demo

答案 3 :(得分:0)

另一种多重继承方法(对Jarod42进行了更正和简化(谢谢!)。

#include <utility>

template <char a, char b, char c, char d, char ... Args>
struct t_base : public t_base<Args...>
 {
   typedef t_base<a,b,c,d> head;
   typedef t_base<Args...> tail;
 };

template <char a, char b, char c, char d>
struct t_base<a, b, c, d>
 { enum { value = (a << 24) | (b << 16) | (c << 8) | d }; };


template <typename, typename>
struct t_helper;

template <std::size_t ... Is, char ... Cs>
struct t_helper<std::index_sequence<Is...>,
                std::integer_sequence<char, Cs...>>
   : public t_base<(Is, '0')..., Cs...>
 { };


template <char ... Cs>
struct thingy :
   public t_helper<std::make_index_sequence<(4u - sizeof...(Cs) % 4u) % 4u>,
                   std::integer_sequence<char, Cs...>>
 { };


int main ()
 {
 }